摘要
随着计算机科学和软件工程的相关技术包括人工智能、领域特定语言、知识图谱等的发展,越来越多的自动合规审查工具开始出现。以建筑领域为例,有关建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)、建筑二维图纸的自动化审查研究和落地应用层出不穷。使用计算机进行自动合规审查的核心步骤之一是对用自然语言编写的条文进行逻辑表示,将其转化为计算机能够理解的形式。虽然目前学者们已经进行了很多相关的研究,也形成了许多被广泛使用的标准和范式,但如何处理高层次的规则之间的相互关系却一直很少被关注。该文基于建筑领域基于规则的自动合规审查提出了一种处理高层次规则之间相互关系的范式,该范式使用“合规级联”、“不合规级联”和“不适用级联”三种模式对高层次规则间关系进行计算机表示,让计算机能够自动对其进行处理。将这种范式用于“BIMChecker”自动合规审查工具中进行了基于实际项目的测试,验证了该范式的有效性。
[Objective]With advancements in computer science and software engineering technologies,including artificial intelligence,domain-specific languages,and knowledge graphs,automated compliance checking tools are emerging.In the construction field,for example,research and practical applications in automated compliance checking for building information modeling(BIM)and architectural 2D drawings are thriving.A core step in conducting automated compliance checking with computers is the logical representation of articles written in natural language,transforming them into a format that computers can process.While extensive research has been conducted in this field and many widely used standards and paradigms have been developed,the handling of high-level inter-rule relationships remains largely unexplored.This study aims to propose a computer-representable method for high-level inter-rule relationships,enabling automated compliance checking systems to process such relationships automatically.[Methods]To achieve the computer-representable formalization of these relationships,based on the summary and organization of actual building codes,this study introduces a paradigm within the context of rule-based automated compliance checking in the construction field.The paradigm includes three patterns:“compliance cascade”,“non-compliance cascade”,and“non-applicability cascade”.The compliance cascade pattern represents“if rule A is compliant,then rule B will not be checked”.Similarly,the non-compliance cascade pattern represents“if rule A is non-compliant,then rule B will not be checked”,and the non-applicability cascade pattern indicates that“if rule A is not applicable,then rule B will not be checked”.In each cascade pattern,corresponding indicators are used to designate the target rules.Among the rules in rule-based automated compliance checking systems,those expressed in the form of“if...then...”indicate that“rule A is not applicable”when the semantic model does not satisfy the“if”condition of rule A.This study also designs a corresponding execution engine for the paradigm using BIMChecker and structured natural language(SNL),enabling computers to process high-level inter-rule relationships automatically.The engine design adheres to the open-closed principle and single responsibility principle—two fundamental design principles—to ensure optimal extensibility.[Results]To verify the paradigm's effectiveness and applicability,an experiment on representing high-level inter-rule relationships in actual codes using the proposed approach has been conducted.In addition,application experiments were carried out on 15 representative real-world projects via the Tsinghua“Tuzhi”platform.The results indicate that the paradigm exhibits strong validity and applicability across all 15 projects.Furthermore,the“Tuzhi”system is used to showcase the execution effects of high-level inter-rule relationships through a practical case study.[Conclusions]This study proposes a representation method for high-level inter-rule relationships within rule-based automated compliance checking systems.Using three distinct patterns—“compliance cascade”,“non-compliance cascade”,and“non-applicability cascade”—it establishes a computerinterpretable framework for representing these relationships.By integrating an appropriate execution engine,this approach enhances rule-based automated compliance checking systems to generate check reports that closely align with human expert reasoning.Furthermore,the experiments in this study validate the effectiveness of the proposed patterns.
作者
高佳濠
张荷花
GAO Jiahao;ZHANG Hehua(School of Software,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第11期2269-2283,共15页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3804600)。
关键词
自动合规审查
规范建模
语义建模
标准数字化
建筑规范审查
automated compliance checking
code modeling
semantic modeling
standard digitalization
building code checking
