摘要
在当前人工智能领域,需重点应对统筹人工智能全生命周期风险与全要素发展、实现新旧规则的平衡供给、适应全球竞争持续加剧三重挑战。相关议题的紧迫性,决定了开展人工智能综合性立法的必要性。总则性、碎片化、低位阶立法等替代性路径,面临可操作性不足、协同性欠缺及立法权限模糊等困境。人工智能综合性立法旨在确立全局应对、主动塑造的人工智能法律治理范式,其承载着促进发展、风险防控与权力规制的多重功能,核心任务在于实现规范内容的体系性、调整范围的全面性与价值目标的综合性,故其不必拘泥于“人工智能法”这一名称,亦非无所不包的人工智能法典。推进人工智能综合性立法需科学分析立法需求、前瞻布局机构改革以做好立法准备。在内容上,立法需以人工智能全要素、分主体、全周期为矩阵框架,以国家人工智能主管机关为枢纽牵引;同时内嵌动态更新、持续适配机制及技术研发暂停机制,确保立法出台后能主动维系有效性与适应性,及时回应新发展需求与新风险挑战。
Currently,China needs to prioritize addressing three key challenges in the field of artificial intelligence(AI),that is,coordinating the whole-life-cycle risks and all-factor development of AI,achieving the balanced supply of new and existing regulations,and adapting to intensifying global competition.The urgency of these issues underscores the need for comprehensive AI legislation.Alternative approaches,such as general provisions,fragmented legislation,or lower-tier regulations,face dilemmas as insufficient operability,lack of coordination,and ambiguity in legislative authority.Comprehensive AI legislation aims to establish an AI legal governance paradigm featuring holistic response and proactive shaping.It undertakes multiple functions of promoting development,preventing risks,and regulating powers.Its core task lies in achieving systematic normative content,a comprehensive scope of adjustment,and integrated value objectives.Therefore,it needs not be confined to the name of"Artificial Intelligence Law",nor be an all-encompassing AI code.Advancing comprehensive AI legislation requires a scientific analysis of legislative needs and proactive planning of institutional reforms to prepare for lawmaking.In terms of content,the legislation should adopt a matrix framework encompassing all AI elements,classified subjects,and the entire AI cycle,with the national AI regulatory authority serving as the central driving force.Meanwhile,it should integrate mechanisms enabling dynamic updates,continuous adaptation,and temporary research and development suspensions when necessary.This would ensure that the legislation remains valid and adaptable,allowing timely responses to evolving technological needs and emerging risks.
出处
《法学研究》
北大核心
2025年第6期128-147,共20页
Chinese Journal of Law
基金
中国社会科学院2024年度实验室孵化专项“人工智能安全治理研究”(2024SYFH007)资助。
关键词
智能时代
人工智能立法
人工智能治理
人工智能法
立法模式
intelligent era
artificial intelligence legislation
artificial intelligence governance
artificial intelligence law
legislative mode
