摘要
自杀暴露即个体接触他人的自杀行为,会对自杀丧亲者、精神障碍患者和有自杀风险者、青少年和年轻人等易感人群产生严重的负性影响。以往研究虽强调自杀暴露的潜在危害,但对自杀暴露的易感人群识别方法、负性影响机制和自杀后干预方法与效果的实证研究极为有限。文章对自杀暴露的概念进行了梳理和界定,总结了易感人群对自杀事件的负性心理反应及相应的创伤/哀伤维持机制和自杀传染机制,论述了现有的自杀后干预方法、指南及其效果与局限,旨在为开展本土化自杀暴露研究和自杀后干预实践做准备。未来可采用质性研究、纵向量化分析和人工智能等方法探索易感人群分类和风险预测模型,在明确负性影响机制的基础上开展专业化的循证干预研究。
Suicide exposure,defined as exposure to others’suicidal behaviors(including completed suicide and attempted suicide),can have severe negative impacts on vulnerable populations,including those bereaved by suicide,patients with mental disorders or suicide risk,as well as adolescents and young adults.Although prior studies have highlighted the potential harm of suicide exposure,empirical studies examining methods for identifying vulnerable populations,mechanisms underlying negative impacts,and suicide postvention approaches and their effectiveness remain severely limited.With the aim of laying the groundwork for conducting localized suicide exposure research and suicide postvention practice,the present article systematically reviewed and redefined the concept of suicide exposure,summarized vulnerable populations’negative psychological reactions to suicide events along with corresponding trauma/grief maintenance mechanisms and suicide contagion mechanisms,and examined existing suicide postvention approaches as well as their effectiveness and limitations.Future research should employ qualitative inquiry,longitudinal analyses,and artificial intelligence to refine classification systems and risk prediction models for vulnerable populations.Subsequent studies may then develop evidence-based intervention protocols informed by a clearer understanding of the mechanisms underlying negative outcomes.
作者
周忠英
吴才智
贠芸
肖志华
童婷
ZHOU Zhongying;WU Caizhi;YUN Yun;XIAO Zhihua;TONG Ting(Centre for Mental Health Education,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430074,China;Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior(CCNU),Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province,School of Psychology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Centre for Mental Health Education,Zhengzhou Business University,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Mental Health Education and Counseling Center,Sichuan Police College,Luzhou 646000,China;NO.1 Middle School Affiliated to Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
北大核心
2025年第12期2196-2216,共21页
Advances in Psychological Science
关键词
自杀暴露
自杀丧亲者
负性影响
自杀传染
自杀后干预
suicide exposure
suicide bereaved
negative impacts
suicide contagion
suicide postvention
