摘要
大规模露天开采引发的采动损伤已成为制约矿山安全绿色发展的关键瓶颈。传统点式监测存在时空尺度局限、数据碎片化等固有缺陷,而现有遥感监测虽丰富了技术手段,但多聚焦于单一维度,未能形成多源数据协同的一体化监测评价体系,数据应用价值受限。针对这些问题,系统性构建了“空-天-地-深”一体化露天矿采动损伤监测与评价技术体系。该体系融合天基卫星的宏观大范围监测、空基无人机的高精度测绘、地基物联网的实时感知与深部多物理场监测,通过多源数据融合与智能解译,实现对采动损伤的全面监控与精准评价。以内蒙古黑岱沟、哈尔乌素露天煤矿为工程实践对象,基于27景Sentinel-1A雷达影像与多期Landsat光学影像开展了应用验证。结果表明:研究区排土场最大累积沉降达572 mm,黑岱沟端帮最大隆起为110 mm;生境损伤呈现以矿坑为中心的辐射状分布特征,遥感生态指数(RSEI)随远离矿坑距离增加而升高。同时,生境损伤范围与InSAR监测的地表沉降影响范围表现出高度的空间一致性,首次揭示了露天矿区岩土损伤与生态损伤的耦合响应关系,验证了一体化监测体系的有效性。研究指出了该体系在多源数据深度融合、模型普适性等方面面临的挑战,并展望了其向实时化、智能化、数字孪生及全生命周期管控发展的前景,可为露天矿精准监管与绿色智慧矿山建设提供理论依据与技术支撑。
Mining-induced damage caused by large-scale open-pit mining has become a key bottleneck restricting the safe and green development of mines.Traditional point-based monitoring has inherent limitations such as spatial-temporal scale constraints and data fragmentation.Although existing remote sensing monitoring has enriched technical means,it mostly focuses on a single dimension and fails to form an integrated monitoring and evaluation system with multi-source data synergy,resulting in limited data application value.To address these issues,this study systematically constructs an“space-air-ground-deep”integrated monitoring and evaluation technology system for mining-induced damage in open-pit mines.This system integrates macro large-scale monitoring by space-based satellites,high-precision mapping by air-based UAVs,real-time perception by ground-based Internet of Things,and deep underground multi-physical field monitoring.Through multi-source data fusion and intelligent interpretation,it realizes comprehensive monitoring and accurate evaluation of mining-induced damage.Taking the Heidaigou Open-pit Coal Mine and Haerwusu Open-pit Coal Mine in Inner Mongolia as engineering practice objects,application verification was carried out based on 27 scenes of Sentinel-1A radar images and multi-temporal Landsat optical images.The results showed that the maximum cumulative settlement of the dump in the study area reached 572 mm,and the maximum heave of the end slope of Heidaigou Open-pit Coal Mine was 110 mm;habitat damage presented a radial distribution centered on the mine pit,and the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)increased with the increase of distance from the mine pit.At the same time,the habitat damage range showed a high spatial consistency with the surface settlement impact range monitored by InSAR.This study revealed the coupled response relationship between geotechnical damage and ecological damage in open-pit mining areas for the first time,verifying the effectiveness of the integrated monitoring system.The study pointed out the challenges faced by this system in aspects such as in-depth multi-source data fusion and model universality,and prospected its development prospect towards real-time,intelligenct,digital twin,and full-life-cycle management and control.It can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the precise supervision of open-pit mines and the construction of green and smart mines.
作者
李全生
周伟
陈树召
涂立啸
LI Quansheng;ZHOU Wei;CHEN Shuzhao;TU Lixiao(China Energy Investment Corporation,Dongcheng,Beijing 100011,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China)
出处
《中国煤炭》
北大核心
2025年第11期2-10,共9页
China Coal
