摘要
随着能源需求的增长和环境保护意识的提高,生物质热转化制氢技术作为1种可持续清洁能源生产方式已受到广泛关注。综述气化、热解重整、化学链3种不同的生物质热转化制氢技术的研究进展与应用,首先介绍生物质气化制氢的原理,包括生物质在高温下与气化剂反应生成氢气等可燃气体的过程以及影响其制氢效率的关键因素,如原料特性、气化剂、温度、气化炉类型、催化剂的选择等。其次阐述生物质热解重整制氢的原理,即生物质先热解生成焦油、炭和气体产物,再通过重整反应转化为氢气,分析不同的生物质类型、原料预处理方法、加热速率、温度、反应工艺、催化剂等因素对制氢性能的影响。进一步探讨生物质化学链制氢的原理,即利用载氧体在不同反应器中循环实现生物质的氧化和还原反应制氢,重点梳理载氧体材料的研究进展。在应用方面,总结国内外生物质制氢技术在工业、交通、分布式能源等领域的应用现状,包括示范项目、商业化进展以及面临的挑战。最后对生物质热转化制氢技术的发展趋势进行展望,指出未来研究的重点方向为提高制氢效率、降低成本、优化工艺集成以及加强与可再生能源耦合等,以期为生物质制氢技术的进一步发展和应用提供参考。
With the growth of energy demand and the improvement of environmental protection awareness,biomass thermal conversion hydrogen production technology has attracted widespread attention as a sustainable and clean energy production method.The research progress and application of three different biomass thermal conversion hydrogen production technologies,including gasification,pyrolysis reforming,and chemical looping,are reviewed.First,the principle of biomass gasification hydrogen production is introduced,including the process of biomass reacting with a gasifying agent at high temperature to produce hydrogen and other combustible gases,as well as the key factors affecting its hydrogen production efficiency,such as raw material characteristics,gasifying agent,temperature,gasifier type,catalyst selection,etc.Then,the principle of biomass pyrolysis reforming hydrogen production is explained,that is,biomass is first pyrolyzed to produce tar,char and gas products,and then converted into hydrogen through reforming reaction.The effects of different biomass types,raw material pretreatment methods,heating rates,temperatures,reaction processes,catalysts and other factors on hydrogen production performance are analyzed.In addition,the principle of biomass chemical looping hydrogen production is also explored,that is,hydrogen production is achieved by using oxygen carriers to cycle in different reactors to realize the oxidation and reduction reactions of biomass.The research progress of oxygen carrier materials is discussed in detail.In terms of application,the application status of biomass hydrogen production technology in the fields of industry,transportation,distributed energy,etc.at home and abroad is summarized,including demonstration projects,commercialization progress and challenges faced.Finally,the development trend of biomass thermal conversion hydrogen production technology is prospected,pointing out that improving hydrogen production efficiency,reducing costs,optimizing process integration and strengthening coupling with renewable energy are the key directions of future research,in order to provide a reference for the further development and application of biomass hydrogen production technology.
作者
臧雪晶
朱伟
李阳
彭万旺
ZANG Xuejing;ZHU Wei;LI Yang;PENG Wanwang(China Coal Research Institute Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;National Energy Technology&Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Low-carbon Technology Institute,Beijing 100013,China;China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《煤质技术》
2025年第6期19-28,37,共11页
Coal Quality Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFB4103802)。
关键词
生物质制氢
气化
热解重整
化学链反应
载氧体材料
制氢效率
biomass hydrogen
gasification
pyrolysis reforming
chemical chain reaction
oxygen carrier material
hydrogen production efficiency
