摘要
我国《刑法》中属人管辖权的立法历程说明,我国属人管辖权的理论根据是公民对国家的忠诚义务和刑法对于国家利益的保护。在此前提下,属人管辖权的适用应当遵循以下规则:属人管辖权的行使不以涉案行为侵害我国国家或者公民利益为前提;《刑法》第7条中“犯本法规定之罪”应当理解为“虚拟构成”,不是指该行为实际触犯了我国刑法的规定,而是该行为如果发生在我国司法管辖领域内构成了我国刑法规定的犯罪;属人管辖权的行使不以双重犯罪原则为前提,中国公民领域外的行为根据行为地国法律不构成犯罪不影响我国行使管辖权,但考虑到长期居住境外的华侨的特殊情况,在管辖时可以依据刑法规定灵活处理,保持保护国家利益和保障公民权益间的平衡。针对我国公民在域外的犯罪,我们要在依法主张属人管辖权的前提下,通过国际刑事司法合作积极实现属人管辖权,从而制衡西方国家司法权的不当域外扩张,维护中国国家和公民的合法权益。
The legislative process of personal jurisdiction in China's criminal law shows that the theoretical basis of personal jurisdiction in China is the loyalty obligation of citizens to the state and the protection of national interests by criminal law.Under this premise,the application of personal jurisdiction in China should follow the following rules;the exercise of personal jurisdiction is not based on the premise that the act in question infringes upon the interests of the China;The phrase committing a crime as stipulated in this Law"in Article 7 of the China's criminal law,should be understood as"virtual composition",which does not refer to the actual violation of the China's criminal law by the act,but rather to the fact that if the act occurs within the jurisdiction of China's judicial system,it constitutes a crime as stipulated in China's criminal law;The act of Chinese citizens does not constitute a crime according to the laws of the country where they act,cannot affect the exercise of jurisdiction by China.However,considering the special circumstances of overseas Chinese who have resided abroad for a long time,flexible handling of jurisdiction can be based on criminal law to maintain a balance between protecting national interests and safeguarding citizens'rights and interests.The exercise of personal jurisdiction is not based on the principle of double criminality.In the face of the situation where some Western countries abuse their own laws to apply them extraterritorially and infringe on the interests of other countries,we need to actively realize personal jurisdiction through international criminal justice cooperation,on the premise of claiming personal jurisdiction in accordance with the law,in order to balance the improper extraterritoriality of Western countries judicial power and safeguard the interests of the China.
出处
《法学评论》
北大核心
2025年第6期66-77,共12页
Law Review
基金
2023年国家社科基金项目“总体国家安全观视野下中国刑法域外适用的理论构建与实践路径研究”(项目编号:23BFX117)
2025年最高人民检察院检察应用理论研究课题“涉外经济犯罪追逃追赃程序研究”的阶段成果
“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”的阶段成果。
关键词
中国刑法
域外适用
属人管辖权
双重犯罪原则
Chinese Criminal Law
Extraterritorial Application
Personal Jurisdiction
Dual Criminality Principle
