摘要
通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书等文献,结合现代相关研究资料,笔者对透骨草的名称、基原、学名考订、入药部位、产地、采收加工、炮制的历史沿革及功效主治进行了系统的梳理与考证,为含该类药材经典名方的开发提供依据。透骨草始载于《救荒本草》,最初记载的植物为益母草Leonurus japonicus,历代主流基原有地构叶Speranskia tuberculata(珍珠透骨草)和凤仙花Impatiens balsamina(凤仙透骨草)。近代以来,各地药用透骨草因资源分布及传统用药习惯的不同而变得更加复杂、混乱,共涉及20科28属49种植物。入药部位多为植株干燥地上部分或完整茎叶,多在夏秋季植物茂盛时期采收,采收后除去杂质和非药用部位后晒干,一般以枝叶果实或茎质干、色绿、无根梗、无霉变虫蛀、当年新出者品质为佳。各基原植物的古今炮制方法变化较小,多除去杂质和残根,抢水洗净,稍润,切段,干燥。透骨草的主流基原植物药性以“辛温”为主,可散风寒,行气血。基于考证结果,建议以各地应用较为普遍且具有较长应用历史的珍珠透骨草、凤仙透骨草作为透骨草的主要基原。针对透骨草因多基原冗杂造成的药材质量标准难以标准化等问题,建议规范透骨草植物来源与药材名称。
production area, harvesting, processing and clinical efficacy of Tougucao by referring to ancient and modern research materials, so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Tougucao. Tougucao was first recorded in Jiuhuang Bencao, its original plant was Leonurus japonicus. Throughout history, the main botanical sources have been Speranskia tuberculate and Impatiens balsamina. Since modern times, the medicinal use of Tougucao across different regions has become increasingly complex and confusing due to variations in resource distribution and traditional usage habits, involving a total of 49 plant species across 28 genera and 20 families. The medicinal parts of Tougucao typically consist of the dried aerial parts or complete stems and leaves of the plant. These are usually harvested during the summer and autumn when the plants are at their most vigorous. After harvesting, the parts are cleaned of impurities and non-medicinal parts and then dried. Generally, the best quality is achieved with branches and leaves that are dry, green in color, root-free, free from mold and insect damage, and freshly collected in the same year. The processing methods for the botanical sources of Tougucao have remained largely unchanged over time, they typically involve removing impurities and residual roots, washing thoroughly with water, slightly moistening, cutting into segments, and drying. The properties of the main botanical sources of Tougucao are primarily characterized as pungent and warm ,which can help to dispel cold and promote the circulation of Qi and blood. Based on the research results, it is recommended to use Speranskia tuberculate and Impatiens balsamina, which are widely used and have a long history of application in various regions,as the main botanical sources of Tougucao. To address the issue of difficulty in standardizing the quality of medicinal herbs due to multiple botanical sources, it is recommended to standardize the plant sources and names of Tougucao.
作者
林慧彬
于明
管仁伟
郭瑞齐
蒋丽
邵新
刘桂霞
王小璇
詹志来
林建强
LIN Huibin;YU Ming;GUAN Renwei;GUO Ruiqi;JIANG Li;SHAO Xin;LIU Guixia;WANG Xiaoxuan;ZHAN Zhilai;LIN Jianqiang(Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250014,China;Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),Jinan 250011,China;Heze Hospital of TCM,Heze 274002,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology,Shandong University,Qingdao 266200,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第23期211-222,共12页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2022TSGC1059,2023TSGC0444)
山东大学农业应用技术创新计划项目(CX202112)
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702,CI2023E002)。
关键词
透骨草
本草考证
基原
品质评价
炮制
产地
性味功效
Tougucao
herbal textual research
origin
quality evaluation
processing
producing area
nature,flavor and efficacy
