摘要
文学伦理学批评关注人的第一身份即“何为人”的问题,主张为获得第一身份,人需要在意识层面从形式和本质两方面认清与其他动物的区别,并在实践层面通过自然选择接受形式进化,通过伦理选择获得人的本质。同时,文学伦理学批评强调伦理身份兼具客观与主观双重属性。伦理身份既是社会历史发展的客观产物,又依赖于个体的意志自律;作为身份的主体,人还具备认识、理解、建构乃至解构身份的主观能动性。基于此,文学伦理学批评着力探析身份与文本、作者、读者和语境等要素间的互动关系,以强化文学的教诲功能。面对AI文学的兴起,文学伦理学批评积极建构适应AI时代文学批评的理论体系与话语体系,其基本观点包括:在AI文学创作中,人物身份问题仍是导致伦理问题产生的主要原因;作者身份的判定标准不在于是否拥有人类智慧,而在于其创作或生成的文本能否实现文学的教诲功能;AI文学必然存在“隐形读者”,读者可兼具生成者、阅读者、批评者三重身份;伦理准则是前科学选择阶段AI文学活动的基本准则;AI文学活动的参与者以及AIGC本身获取伦理意识的基本途径仍是教诲,教诲的基本手段仍是文学。文学伦理学批评敏锐捕捉到文学理论发展滞后于创作实践的现实,适时引入以科学原理和技术分析为特征的科学研究方法,提出文学批评的计算分析转向。
Ethical Literary Criticism(ELC)centers on the foundational identity of humans,specifically addressing the question of"what it means to be human."It posits that achieving this foundational identity requires individuals to consciously distinguish themselves from other animals in both form and essence.At the practical level,humans undergo formal evolution through natural selection and acquire their essential characteristics through ethical selection.ELC also underscores both the objective and subjective dimensions of ethical identity.Objectively,ethical identity is viewed as a product of socio-historical development,possessing attributes independent of individual will.Subjectively,ethical identity presupposes individual existence,with the ability to act in accordance with one's identity depending on personal volition and self-discipline.As agents of identity,humans possess the capacity to recognize,understand,construct,and deconstruct ethical identities.Based on this,ELC is committed to exploring the interplay among identity,text,author,reader,and context,thereby maximizing literature's didactic function.In light of the emergence of AI-generated literature,ELC actively constructs theoretical and discursive frameworks suitable for literary criticism in the AI era.Its fundamental propositions include:1)In the literature of the AI era,the identity of characters remains a primary source of ethical concerns.2)The criterion for determining authorial identity lies not in the possession of human intelligence,but in whether the generated text fulfills literature's didactic function.3)AI literature inevitably involves"invisible readers,"and in the AI era,individuals can simultaneously assume the roles of generators,readers,and critics of literature.4)Ethical guidelines serve as the foundational principles governing AI literary activities during the pre-scientific selection phase.5)For participants in AI literary activities,including AIGC itself,the acquisition of ethical awareness primarily occurs through moral teaching,with literature serving as the fundamental educational medium.In response to the reality that the development of literary theory lags behind creative practice,ELC proposes a turn to computational analysis in literary criticism characterized by scientific principles and technical analysis.
作者
任洁
Ren Jie(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《外国文学研究》
北大核心
2025年第5期77-88,共12页
Foreign Literature Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“外国文学原理研究”(22&ZD284)。
关键词
文学伦理学批评
伦理身份
伦理选择
科学选择
AI时代
Ethical Literary Criticism
ethical identity
ethical choice
scientific selection
artificial intelligence
