摘要
丙烯腈、丁二烯、苯乙烯的三元共聚物(ABS)因其优异的抗冲击、耐腐蚀、耐低温等特性广泛应用于各类工程领域。但在激光标刻加工中,受限于材料热敏感性,需控制合适激光工艺参数以保障激光标刻质量。针对该问题,考虑了材料的热物理特性及能量累积效应,建立了脉冲激光标刻ABS材料的一维传热物理模型,依据模型数值仿真获得了脉冲激光标刻ABS材料的激光功率与传热温度的动态演化规律,获得了材料发生轻微去除与达到最大质量损失速率的功率范围区间。开展激光标刻ABS板材试验研究,采用三维超景深系统等测量板材表面标刻后的粗糙度、刻蚀深度及微观地形地貌,试验结果验证了传热模型的准确性及可行性。理论与试验研究分析表明激光频率为20 kHz、激光光斑直径为100μm、激光扫描速度为100 mm/s、激光功率范围在2 W至2.8 W时,激光标刻ABS区域表面质量优良且仅极少污染物产生。研究结果可为优化激光标刻工艺参数以提高标刻效率及提高标刻质量提供理论参考。
Laser marking is a contactless green machining technology that offers several advantages including low consumption,high efficiency,high precision,controllability,and flexibility.These characteristics make laser processing suitable for surface patterning of materials.The results of this study indicate that controlling the laser process parameters is crucial for achieving a high-quality surface finish.To identify the optimal laser parameters for laser processing of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS),a one-dimensional physical heat transfer model for pulsed laser marking of ABS materials was developed in this study.This model considers the thermophysical properties of the materials and the energy accumulation effect.The dynamic evolution of the laser power and heat transfer temperature of the pulsed laser marking of the ABS material was obtained from numerical simulations of the model.From these results,the power range in which the material underwent slight ablation and achieved the maximum rate of mass loss was determined.The numerical simulation results and analysis of the cumulative energy effect were used to set the experimental parameters,including laser scanning speed,laser frequency,and laser power.Experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of laser-marking ABS using a CO_(2) pulsed laser.The experiments involved measuring the surface roughness of the processed area of the sheet,determining the marking depth,and examining the microscopic topography.The results of the roughness experiments showed that the surface roughness of the ABS sheet changed abruptly as power increased.The power threshold under experimental conditions was 2.8 W.This phenomenon demonstrates that the temperature in the laser-irradiated area of the plate reached the gasification temperature of the material at this laser power.Consequently,the oxidation-inhibiting component was no longer able to function,leading to rapid oxidative decomposition of the material.The energy accumulation effect during laser processing was found to be a key factor affecting the temperature distribution of the sheet and the final processing results.The strength of the cumulative energy effect is related to laser parameters such as laser scanning speed,laser frequency,spot diameter,and laser defocusing amount.When the ABS plates were processed at an appropriate laser power,the laser-marked plate area exhibited a shallow-etched micromorphology with a white bulge structure under a three-dimensional super-depth-of-field system.When the laser power was constant,the scribing test results showed that changes in laser scanning speed and frequency affected the straightness of the scribed lines.The buildup of soot and carbon black on the plate during the laser marking process was effectively removed using ultrasonic cleaners.Theoretical and experimental studies showed that for a laser frequency of 20 kHz,laser spot diameter of 100μm,laser scanning speed of 100 mm/s,and laser power range between 2 and 2.8 W,the laser-marking ABS surface quality was excellent,presenting a very small number of pollutants.Based on the experimental laser process parameters for marking ABS sheets,the results of this study are consistent with those of the numerical analysis.The accuracy of the heat transfer model and the feasibility of its application in optimizing laser process parameters were experimentally verified.
作者
蔡颂
陈达
陶能如
文跃兵
白斌
何志坚
黄湛
CAI Song;CHEN Da;TAO Nengru;WEN Yuebing;BAI Bin;HEI Zhijian;HUANG Zhan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412000,China;Intelligent Manufacturing College,Hunan First Normal University,Changsha 410205,China;Laser Research Institute,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;School of Intelligent Manufacturing,Wuchang Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430065,China)
出处
《中国表面工程》
北大核心
2025年第5期276-289,共14页
China Surface Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(52475450,51975192)
湖南省教育厅科研项目(17C0472,18C1064)
湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年项目(21B0523)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M731347)
湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2023JJ30183)
广西自然科学基金面上项目(2023JJA160071)。
关键词
脉冲激光
温度场模拟
激光标刻
表面技术
pulsed laser temperature simulation
laser marking
surface technology
