摘要
X市公安局作为全国首批科技强警示范单位,在全国范围内先行开展了“警务大脑”的试点建设。试点中X市公安局严格遵照习近平总书记“政治建警”要求,将技术革新与制度优化紧密结合,为破解智慧警务建设中的问题积极探索“三元驱动机制”。首先,X市公安局党委通过统筹顶层设计、强化跨部门协同,明确技术赋能必须服务于警务治理现代化的核心目标,为“警务大脑”锚定政治方向。一是党委通过建立“政治-技术-制度”协同决策机制,确保党的绝对领导下警务技术方案与公共安全需求深度融合;二是基层党组织通过党员先锋岗、技术攻坚小组等形式,将以人民为中心的理念嵌入技术设计全流程。其次,X市公安局通过党委统筹的制度匹配,实现信息资源、组织结构和警务要素的重新整合及警务流程的优化再造,依托党建联建机制强化多警种协作,在“警务大脑”建设技术方案和引入合成警务制度等外部驱动下,着力探索党的绝对领导对于技术执行与制度变革等双向驱动力的聚合功能。“三元驱动机制”突出党委绝对领导下警务技术革新与合成警务制度的统一体,三者动态协同的逻辑关系具体表现为以“政治建警”为轴心,技术与制度双轮驱动,旨在克服片面技术与单纯制度的“两张皮”悖论,为“政治建警”现代化提供参考方案。
In the context of digital transformation,the development of smart policing represents a critical approach for public security agencies to improve governance effectiveness.Nevertheless,the"mid-level informatization trap"in technology applications has led to structural issues,such as increased departmental fragmentation,data silos,and the prioritization of technological rationality over governance values.This research takes the"Police Brain"project of the X Municipal Public Security Bureau as a case study,suggesting a tripartite"political-technical-institutional"driving mechanism framework based on the theoretical framework of"political policing construction".It investigates how Party organizations address institutional delays and technological alienation in smart policing through integrated technological innovation and institutional optimization,providing theoretical contributions and practical strategies for modernizing Chinese-style policing governance systems.The evolution of smart policing is significantly impeded by the"mid-level informatization trap".Although big data and AI technologies improve policing efficiency,an over-reliance on these tools promotes"data determinism",which undermines value-based judgment in addressing intricate social problems.Concurrently,bureaucratic fragmentation and departmentalism obstruct inter-agency resource integration,resulting in a dual challenge of"system suspension"and"governance involution"due to a misalignment between technology and institutional frameworks.Current research primarily emphasizes technological effectiveness or institutional optimization,overlooking the Party's critical role in integrating both.This study proposes an analytical framework that underscores the Party's absolute leadership as the central variable in reconciling the tensions between technological rationality and governance practices.The theoretical framework of smart policing construction revolves around three dimensions:the value-calibration function of political guidance,where Party organizations employ"institutional elasticity design"and"value-embedding mechanisms"to align technological applications.The X Municipal Public Security Bureau's Party Committee integrated"algorithmic ethics review"into development processes,established"Party-member data supervisors"for dynamic parameter adjustments to prevent technological discrimination,and rectified institutional deviations through democratic meetings and Party-building assessments.The organizational restructuring effect of technological empowerment,where the"Police Brain"facilitates transition from function-driven to process-driven policing through metadata integration and process reengineering.The X Municipal Public Security Bureau achieved second-level response times via integrated command platforms and balanced technological-institutional logics through"bidirectional embedding"mechanisms.The collaborative governance pathway of institutional shaping,where Party-led technology-institution interactions operate across macro,meso,and micro levels through"Party-building agreements",cross-departmental coordination mechanisms,and"Party-member pioneer index"assessments,systematically resolving departmental barriers and technological alienation.The theoretical foundation for smart policing implementation is structured along three axes:the value-alignment function of political leadership,wherein Party entities utilize"institutional elasticity design"and"value-embedding mechanisms"to ensure technological applications are congruent with policy objectives.The X Municipal Public Security Bureau's Party Committee incorporated"algorithmic ethics review"into development workflows,appointed"Party-member data supervisors"for dynamic parameter adjustments to mitigate technological bias,and corrected institutional discrepancies via democratic forums and Party-building evaluations.The organizational restructuring impact of technological enablement,where the"Police Brain"facilitates a shift from function-oriented to process-oriented policing through metadata integration and process reengineering.The X Municipal Public Security Bureau achieved second-level response times via integrated command platforms and balanced technological-institutional logics through"bidirectional embedding"mechanisms.The collaborative governance approach of institutional design,where Party-led technology-institution interactions operate at macro,meso,and micro levels through"Party-building agreements",cross-departmental coordination mechanisms,and"Party-member pioneer index"assessments,systematically addressing departmental fragmentation and technological alienation.The X Municipal Public Security Bureau's operational model validates the tripartite mechanism's efficacy through three primary vectors:technology implementation,driven by the Party's prioritization and the integration of mass line principles into algorithmic design by grassroots technical teams.Institutional alignment and resource integration are achieved through"Party-building barrier-breaking"initiatives and data-sharing accountability frameworks.Enhanced organizational efficacy is realized via combat-readiness transformation and the institutionalization of governance patterns that combine political mobilization with operational mechanisms.Theoretical contributions involve overcoming the technology-institution dichotomy by elucidating the closed-loop dynamicsof political calibration,technological empowerment,and institutional design under Party leadership.Practical implications suggest three approaches:integrating"whole-process people's democracy"parameters with a three-tiered ethical review;promoting cross-sectoral collaboration via"Party-building+data chain"initiatives;and developing officers with dual political-technical expertise through incentive structures.This framework mitigates technological determinism while preventing institutional inflexibility,presenting Chinese solutions for global technology governance paradigm shifts.The modernization of Chinese-style policing governance fundamentally represents an institutional configuration and technological adjustment process predicated on the tenets of"political policing construction".The praxis of X Municipal Public Security Bureau exemplifies that only through the tripartite mechanism,operating under the aegis of Party leadership,can a dialectical synthesis be achieved between value rationality and instrumental rationality,institutional rigidity and technological flexibility,and professional competence and political literacy.This synthesis is crucial for circumventing the"mid-level informatization trap"and fully realizing the potential of policing governance.
作者
伏佩宣
Fu Peixuan(School of Public Security,Nanjing Police University,Nanjing,Jiangsu)
出处
《政治人类学评论》
2025年第1期61-123,I0005,327-330,共68页
Political Anthropology Review
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“‘情指勤舆’一体化警务机制运行质效提升研究”(项目编号:RWYB202305)资助
四川省高校人文社会科学重大研究基地四川社会治安与社会管理创新项目“‘技术—制度’互构视角下新质公安战斗力生成路径研究”(项目编号:SCZA24B04)资助。
关键词
“政治建警”
“警务大脑”
合成警务制度
“三元驱动机制”
political construction of the police force
"police brain"
synthetic policing system
"ternary driving mechanism"
