摘要
针对一款面向欧洲市场的电动微小型商用车,参照E-NCAP法规开展侧面柱碰仿真试验,发现该车型被撞侧的车身结构和位于车身底部的动力电池包都发生严重变形。通过分析白车身能量传递路径,选取B柱和门槛梁等7个主要零部件的厚度作为设计变量,以整车轻量化和提高碰撞吸能为优化目标,构建响应面近似模型,结合多目标螳螂搜索算法开展多目标优化。优化后,相关部件结构吸能量提高22.3%,质量减轻2.1%。同时在侧面柱碰撞中,B柱腹部和下门槛的侵入量分别减少22.5%和26.3%。但车身底部结构变形仍旧较大,电池包变形量约占总体尺寸的12.4%,电池包安全性仍存在隐患。于是在电池包右侧的纵梁内填充莲藕仿生薄壁吸能结构,结果发现填充后再碰撞电池包侧围仅发生轻微变形,变形小于整体尺寸的10%,达到安全要求。研究通过多目标优化和填充仿生薄壁吸能结构,最终实现目标车型在侧面柱碰工况下乘员和电池安全性能的全面提升。
Aiming at an electric mini commercial vehicle developed for facing the European market,the side pole impact simulation test was carried out according to the E-NCAP regulation.The results show that the side wall of the vehicle and the side wall of the power battery pack at the bottom are seriously deformed.By analyzing the energy transfer path of the body-in-white,the thickness of seven main components such as B-pillar and threshold beam was selected as the design variable.Taking the lightweight of the vehicle and the improvement of collision energy absorption as the optimization objectives,the response surface approximation model was constructed,and the multi-objective optimization was carried out in combination with newly proposed MOMSA.After optimization,the energy absorption of the relevant component structure is increased by 22.3%,and the mass is reduced by 2.1%.At the same time,in the side column collision,the intrusion of the abdomen and the lower threshold of the B column is reduced by 22.5%and 26.3%respectively.However,the deformation of the bottom structure of the body is still large and the deformation of the battery pack accounted for about 12.4%of the overall size,and the safety of the battery pack still has hidden dangers.Therefore,lotus root bionic thin-walled energy absorption structure is filled in the longitudinal beam on the right side of the battery pack.It is found that the side wall of the battery pack is only slightly deformed after re-collision after filling,and the deformation is less than 10%of the overall size,which meets the safety requirements.Through multi-objective optimization and filling of bionic thin-walled energy-absorbing structure,the overall improvement of occupant and battery safety performance of the target vehicle under side pole impact conditions is finally achieved.
作者
杨蓉
李世宇
程天浩
邹平
陈思东
田林雳
YANG Rong;LI Shi-yu;CHENG Tian-hao;ZOU Ping;CHEN Si-dong;TIAN Lin-li(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Liuzhou Wuling New Energy Automobile Co.,Ltd.,Liuzhou 545007,China;School of Automotive Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2025年第30期13139-13149,共11页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(52105271)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23062001,桂科AA23062072)。
关键词
电动汽车
侧面柱碰
车身结构优化
电池包安全
仿生薄壁吸能结构
pure electric vehicles
side pole impact
body structure optimization
battery pack safety
bionic thin-walled energy-absorbing structure
