摘要
数字消费时代,直播打赏经济繁荣发展,却也产生了许多纠纷。从流通经济学的视角观察,直播打赏经济中的市场机制失灵,反映在社会资源非理性消耗的负外部性、价值链分配与经济生态结构的内在失衡两个方面,前者表现为价值认知异化、人力资本折损、治理资源挤兑,与信息结构、决策环境对资源配置的扭曲,后者表现为价格机制失效和流通收益分配结构性失衡所导致的资源错配。从民法学的视角观察,直播打赏经济的负外部性和结构失衡衍生出诸如行为能力制度遭遇价值认知异化冲击、意思自治原则受到技术逻辑侵蚀、直播打赏行为法律性质不明、数据权属制度缺位导致收益分配结构失衡等法律困境。流通经济学追求的经济效率与民法学强调的意思自治之间,存在天然的共生关系,然而,这种共生关系却在直播打赏场域中发生着解构,导致直播打赏经济中的市场机制失灵,法律滞后是这种现象发生的本质原因。直播打赏经济中的市场机制失灵现象构成了对健康流通经济秩序的潜在威胁,内在地要求与之适配的民法规制体系的同步完善。对此,有必要强化协同治理的理念。一方面,需动态完善有关法律法规,为经济流通提供规则支撑。具体包括完善欠缺民事行为能力人直播打赏行为的效力规则,设置特殊意思瑕疵规则,确立算法谨慎义务,明确直播打赏行为的基础法律性质,完善直播打赏衍生数据权属制度。另一方面,需要充分发挥平台的优势地位,以填补民法规制的缝隙。具体包括强化平台对直播打赏活动的技术监控和责任审核,明确平台的纠纷调解和处置权限。
In the digital consumption era,the live-streaming tipping economy has flourished,but it has also given rise to numerous disputes.From the perspective of circulation economics,the market mechanism in the live-streaming tipping economy has failed,which is reflected in two aspects:the negative externality of irrational consumption of social resources and the inherent imbalance in the value chain distribution and economic ecosystem structure.The former is manifested in the alienation of value cognition,the loss of human capital,the squeeze of governance resources,and the distortion of resource allocation by the information structure and decision-making environment;and the latter is reflected in the failure of the price mechanism and the structural imbalance in the distribution of circulation benefits,leading to resource misallocation.From the perspective of civil law,the negative externalities and structural imbalances of the live-streaming tipping economy have given rise to legal dilemmas such as the impact of value cognition alienation on the system of capacity for civil conduct,the erosion of the principle of autonomy of will by technical logic,the unclear legal nature of live-streaming tipping,and the structural imbalance in the distribution of benefits due to the absence of a data ownership system.There is a natural symbiotic relationship between the economic efficiency advocated by circulation economics and the autonomy of will emphasized by civil law.However,this symbiotic relationship is being deconstructed in the live-streaming tipping field,leading to the failure of the market mechanism in the live-streaming tipping economy.The essence of this phenomenon is the lag of the law.The failure of the market mechanism in the live-streaming tipping economy poses a potential threat to a healthy circulation economic order and inherently requires the simultaneous improvement of a civil law regulatory system that is compatible with it.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the concept of collaborative governance.On the one hand,it is necessary to dynamically improve relevant laws and regulations to provide rule support for economic circulation.Specifically,it is necessary to improve the validity rules for live-streaming tipping by persons lacking capacity for civil conduct,set up special rules for defects in will,establish an obligation of algorithmic caution,clarify the basic legal nature of live-streaming tipping behavior,and improve the data ownership system derived from live-streaming tipping.On the other hand,it is necessary to give full play to the advantageous position of platforms to fill the gaps in civil law regulation.Specifically,it is necessary to strengthen the platform's supervision over live-streaming tipping activities,clarify the platform's authority for dispute mediation and handling,and strengthen the platform's technical monitoring and review responsibilities.
作者
杜启顺
DU Qi-shun(Law School,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,Henan,China)
出处
《中国流通经济》
北大核心
2025年第11期44-56,共13页
China Business and Market
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“马克思恩格斯婚姻家庭观及其价值意蕴研究”(24FKSB009)
河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践重点项目“法律硕士培养模式改革研究与实践”(2021SJGLX053Y)。
关键词
直播打赏
意思自治
非典型合同
平台治理
数字消费
live-streaming tipping
autonomy of will
atypical contract
platform governance
digital consumption
