摘要
二战结束以来,美国凭借其对国际经济体系的强大控制力,频繁运用经济制裁来维护霸权地位。然而,在全球经济高度互联、交易与资产信息跨境分布的背景下,制裁的有效执行愈发依赖多国协同支持。对此,美国需要在提取制裁对象交易和资产信息、跨国联合制裁执法、制裁合规监管等方面获得他国的配合,推动建立经济制裁联盟。本文据此考察了2022年乌克兰危机后美国主导的对俄制裁实践,分析美国如何从安全关系、关键经济要素掌控能力及国际议程设置能力三个维度评估制裁协作对象,并在价值规范和经济利益层面采取兼具激励性与胁迫性的差异化外交策略:对核心支点国家主要以激励方式展开制度化的制裁协作,对外围支点国家则倾向于通过胁迫手段压缩其规避制裁的空间。展望未来,特朗普第二任期或推动以“交易逻辑”主导的制裁外交,通过与有限国家的协调,使经济制裁服务于特定的政策目标,但这也可能加剧国家间的政策摩擦,影响制裁的有效执行。
Since the end of World War II,the United States has employed economic sanctions as a central instrument for maintaining its hegemonic power,leveraging its dominant influence over the global economic order.Yet in an era of deep economic interdependence—where data,assets,and transactions transcend borders—the effectiveness of sanctions increasingly depends on multilateral cooperation.Washington must enlist partners’support in gathering intelligence on targets’activities and assets,coordinating cross-border enforcement,and ensuring compliance,all to sustain cohesive and credible sanctions coalitions.This article examines the U.S.-led sanctions regime against Russia in the wake of the 2022 Ukraine crisis,analyzing how Washington assesses prospective allies along three dimensions:security alignment,control over key economic levers,and capacity to shape global agendas.Based on these assessments,the United States pursues differentiated diplomatic strategies that combine incentives and pressure on both normative and material fronts—deepening institutionalized cooperation with core allies through inducements while constraining peripheral states to limit evasion channels.Looking ahead,the Trump administration may embrace a more“transactional”approach to sanctions diplomacy,emphasizing targeted coordination with select partners to achieve specific goals.Such a shift,however,risks intensifying interstate frictions and undermining the overall efficacy of the sanctions framework.
出处
《国际展望》
北大核心
2025年第6期117-140,169,170,共26页
Global Review
基金
重大科研攻关项目“大国竞争、霸权护持与美国现代产业战略”(25VMG008)的阶段性研究成果。
