摘要
目的明确张家港市蝇类种类构成、密度分布及季节变化特征,为制定蝇类科学防控策略提供依据。方法采用笼诱法,选取农贸市场、居民区、餐饮外环境及绿化带4类生境开展监测,对张家港市2014-2022年蝇类监测数据进行系统整理及统计分析。采用SAS 9.4软件进行统计学分析。多组间均值比较采用随机区组方差分析,多个均数两两比较采用Student-Newman-Keuls(SNK)检验,年度趋势分析采用广义线性模型。结果监测期间共捕获蝇类1728只,平均密度为2.61只/笼。捕获蝇类经鉴定共发现3科8属12种,优势种群包括麻蝇科蝇类、厩腐蝇、家蝇、丝光绿蝇和巨尾阿丽蝇。不同年份蝇种构成比差异有统计学意义(F=8.501,P<0.001),麻蝇种类构成比从2014年的23.73%上升至2022年的40.91%,厩腐蝇构成比从2017年的25.29%上升至2022年的35.80%,家蝇构成比从2014年的42.37%显著下降至2022年的3.98%。年度蝇密度峰值出现在2017年(4.78只/笼),2014年最低(0.74只/笼),不同年份间蝇密度差异无统计学意义(F=1.462,P=0.183)。季节消长显示不同月份蝇密度差异有统计学意义(F=3.283,P=0.003),10月为蝇密度高峰(6.39只/笼),其次是6月和5月。不同生境蝇密度差异有统计学意义(F=12.452,P<0.001),密度农贸市场(5.47只/笼)>居民区(2.30只/笼)>绿化带(1.53只/笼)>餐饮外环境(1.43只/笼)。其中,家蝇在农贸市场(24.12%)和餐饮外环境(32.13%)的构成比均最高,麻蝇科蝇类则在绿化带(40.34%)和居民区(33.15%)占优势。结论蝇类优势种群构成发生显著变化,麻蝇和厩腐蝇成为2020-2022年的优势种群,家蝇构成比明显降低。10月为年度蝇密度高峰期,农贸市场是重点防控场所。建议依据蝇类种群动态特征和生境分布规律,实施精准化防控措施。
Objective To investigate the species composition,density distribution,and seasonality of flies in Zhangjiagang,Jiangsu Province,China,so as to provide evidence for developing scientific fly control strategies.Methods Fly surveillance was conducted using the cage trap method at four types of habitats(farmers'markets,residential areas,outdoor catering environments,and green belts).The fly surveillance data of Zhangjiagang from 2014 to 2022 were organized and analyzed.With the use of SAS 9.4 software,mean comparison across multiple groups was conducted using randomized block analysis of variance,pairwise comparison of multiple means was performed using the Student-Newman-Keuls test,and annual trend analysis was conducted using generalized linear models.Results A total of 1728 flies were captured during the surveillance period,with an average density of 2.61 flies per cage.Flies identified belonged to 12 species of 8 genera in 3 families,with dominant species including Sarcophagidae flies,Muscina stabulans,Musca domestica,Lucilia sericata,and Aldrichina grahami.There was a difference in species composition across different years(F=8.501,P<0.001),with the proportions of Sarcophagidae flies increasing from 23.73% in 2014 to 40.91% in 2022,and the proportion of Muscina stabulans increasing from 25.29%in 2017 to 35.80%in 2022.The proportion of Musca domestica decreased significantly from 42.37%in 2014 to 3.98%in 2022.The annual peak fly density occurred in 2017(4.78 flies/cage),and the lowest density was recorded in 2014(0.74 flies/cage).No significant difference in fly density was observed across different years(F=1.462,P=0.183).Seasonal fluctuation analysis revealed statistically significant differences in fly density across months(F=3.283,P=0.003).October was the peak month for fly density(6.39 flies/cage),followed by June and May.The difference in fly density across various habitats was statistically significant(F=12.452,P<0.001).The annual average density across different habitats was as follows:farmers'markets(5.47 flies/cage)>residential areas(2.30 flies/cage)>green belts(1.53 flies/cage)>restaurant outdoor environments(1.43 flies/cage).Among these,Msa.domestica accounted for the highest proportion in farmers'markets(24.12%)and restaurant outdoor environments(32.13%),while Sarcophagidae flies dominated in green belts(40.34%)and residential areas(33.15%).Conclusions The dominant fly populations have undergone significant changes,with Sarcophagidae flies and Msi.stabulans becoming the dominant species during 2020 to 2022 and Msa.domestica showing a greatly decreased proportion.October is the peak period for fly density throughout the year.Farmers'markets are key areas for fly control.Targeted control measures should be implemented based on species-specific population dynamics and habitat distribution patterns.
作者
朱红艳
葛伟
陆嘉慧
程雨
位鹏丽
朱晓炜
ZHU Hong-yan;GE Wei;LU Jia-hui;CHENG Yu;WEI Peng-li;ZHU Xiao-wei(Department of Environmental Health,Zhangjiagang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhangjiagang,Jiangsu 215600,China;Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control,Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention(the Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University),Wuxi,Jiangsu 214023,China)
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
2025年第5期574-580,共7页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
基金
南京医科大学无锡医学中心一般项目(WMCG202417)。
关键词
蝇类
蝇密度
生态学监测
Fly
Fly density
Ecological surveillance
