摘要
现代公共行政以科学理性为理性基础,进而形成了基于科学专业知识与专家主导的技术治理范式。然而,近年来越来越多复杂的争议性科技风险议题的出现,表明科学不确定性问题仍大量存在。科学不确定性问题凸显了科学理性的局限性,这在一定程度上会冲击甚至消解公共行政的理性基础,使基于科学理性的公共行政实践陷入一种知识困境。在科学不确定性背景下,行政官员的“无知”与“组织性的不负责任”以及公众对专家和政府的信任丧失等问题,将会使公共行政实践面临严重的合法性危机。不过,科学不确定性的彰显也为公共行政的理性重构提供了新的契机与可能性。对科学理性的批判性反思催生出后常规科学、科学民主化等新的科学范式或知识生产模式。相应地,科学不确定性背景下的公共行政应当在“知识民主”的基础上走向新的民主行政模式,通过科学理性与民主价值的调和实现公共行政理性的重构与范式变革。
Modern public administration,grounded in scientific rationality,has developed a technology centered governance paradigm based on specialized expertise and expert dominance.However,the recent emergence of increasingly complex and controversial technological risk issues reveals that scientific uncertainty remains pervasive.This uncertainty highlights the limitations of scientific rationality,which may undermine or even dissolve the rational foundation of public administration,thereby creating a knowledge dilemma in practices reliant on scientific rationality.In contexts of scientific uncertainty,issues such as administrative officials'ignorance and"organized irresponsibility",along with declining public trust in experts and government,may precipitate a serious legitimacy crisis in public administration.Nevertheless,the recognition of scientific uncertainty also offers new opportunities for reconstructing the rationality of public administration.Critical reflection on scientific rationality has given rise to new scientific paradigms and knowledge production models,such as post normal science and the democratization of science.Accordingly,public administration under scientific uncertainty should evolve toward a new model of democratic administration based on"knowledge democracy",reconciling scientific rationality with democratic values to achieve rational reconstruction and paradigm transformation.
作者
张海柱
ZHANG Haizhu(School of Humanities and Law,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China)
出处
《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第5期79-87,共9页
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(24BZZ050)。
关键词
科学
科学不确定性
科学理性
公共行政
知识困境
技术治理
science
scientific uncertainty
scientific rationality
public administration
knowledge dilemma
technology centered governance
