摘要
风险是人类社会不可避免的议题,涉及私人部门和公共领域。关于风险治理是属于私人主体责任还是公共财政责任,以及如何有效地将财政嵌入风险治理中,一直备受关注。私人风险主要由私人主体承担,当超出私人主体承受能力范围或私人风险演变为公共风险时,政府应作为最后的风险管理者,秉持“风险救治兜底而不大揽”的原则,通过财政来治理相关风险。公共财政应建立基本保障制度和福利体系,从源头降低私人风险,防范微观私人风险向宏观公共风险扩散。私人部门和公共部门要培养风险忧患意识,深入了解风险的生成机制,推动多方主体共治风险,实现风险治理的私人化、市场化和社会化,避免政府财政责任的无限扩张。政府也要运用宏观政策工具有效调控风险,提高风险治理能力,应对不确定性风险。
Risk is an unavoidable topic in human society,involving both the private sector and the public sphere.Much attention has been paid to whether risk governance is the responsibility of private subjects or public finance,and how finance can be effectively embedded in risk governance.Private risks are mainly borne by private subjects,and when they are beyond the affordability of private subjects,or when private risks evolve into public risks,the government should act as the risk manager of last resort,upholding the principle of“underwriting but not overseeing the risks”,and embedding finance in risk governance.Public finance should establish a basic security system and a welfare system to reduce the probability of private risk from the source and prevent the spread of micro-private risk to macro-public risk.The private sector and the public sector should cultivate risk awareness,gain a deeper understanding of the risk generation mechanism,promote the common governance of risk by multiple subjects,realize the privatization,marketization and socialization of risk governance,and avoid the unlimited expansion of the government's financial responsibility.Governments should also utilize macroeconomic policy tools to effectively regulate risks and improve their risk management capacity in order to readily respond to uncertain risks.
作者
沈杨阳
SHEN Yang-yang(Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences,Beijing 100142)
出处
《湖南财政经济学院学报》
2025年第5期5-16,共12页
Journal of Hunan University of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“加快实现高水平科技自立自强的科技财政体制研究”(项目编号:22VRC109)。
