摘要
为了推动沼液沼渣肥料化利用,对秸秆沼液与微量元素肥料和肥料增效剂复配并进行叶菜类(小白菜)和茄果类(辣椒)蔬菜的应用,探究秸秆沼液连续农用的效果及生态风险,为秸秆沼液的肥料化应用提供参考。结果表明:(1)秸秆沼液对蔬菜增产提质效果显著,辣椒和两季小白菜的综合评分分别提高2.28、3.51、4.53分,秸秆沼液配施微量元素是最适复配方式。(2)连续3季施用秸秆沼液显著改善蔬菜地土壤理化性状。施用秸秆沼液降低土壤容重13.30%,同时提升土壤pH 1.14,含水率、孔隙度、电导率值、有机质含量分别提升30.74%、26.65%、27.97%和20.21%。(3)小白菜对重金属的富集能力优于辣椒,3季施用秸秆沼液显著提高蔬菜和土壤重金属含量,但均未超过国家相关标准,第3季小白菜和土壤As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb含量相较于清水对照分别提高19.4%、17.53%、11.74%、8.12%、13.91%、25.86%和7.69%、9.29%、11.50%、10.30%、20.11%、23.56%,说明长期施用秸秆沼液存在重金属污染风险。(4)预测连续施用秸秆沼液15年和19年分别达到我国农用地土壤污染风险筛选值(GB 15618—2018)和土壤盐害标准(EC>1.5 mS/cm)。综上所述,秸秆沼液农田应用具有提高蔬菜产量、品质,改善土壤理化性状的功效,但长期施用有增加土壤-蔬菜系统重金属含量及土壤盐害的风险。
In order to promote the fertilizer utilization of biogas slurry and residue,this study compounded straw slurry with trace element fertilizers and fertilizer synergist and applied them to leafy vegetables(Chinese cabbage)and eggplant and fruit vegetables(chili pepper)to explore the effects and ecological risks of continuous agricultural use of straw slurry,providing reference for the fertilizer application of straw slurry.The results showed that:(1)Straw slurry had a significant effect on increasing vegetable yield and quality,with comprehensive scores of 2.28,3.51 and 4.53 points increased for chili peppers and two season Chinese cabbage,respectively.The application of trace elements in straw slurry was the most suitable combination method.(2)The application of straw slurry in three consecutive seasons significantly improved the physicochemical properties of the soil in the vegetable field.The application of straw digestate reduced the soil bulk weight by 13.30%,and at the same time increased the soil pH by 1.14,increased water content,porosity,EC value and organic matter content by 30.74%,26.65%,27.97%and 20.21%,respectively.(3)The enrichment ability of cabbage to heavy metals was better than that of pepper,and the application of straw slurry in the three seasons significantly increased the heavy metal contents of vegetables and soil but none of them exceeded the relevant national standards,and in the third season,the contents of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg and Pb in cabbage and soil were increased by 19.4%,17.53%,11.74%,8.12%,13.91%,25.86%compared with the control,respectively,and 7.69%,9.29%,11.50%,10.30%,20.11%and 23.56%,respectively,indicating the risk of heavy metal contamination under long-term application conditions.(4)It was predicted that the continuous application of straw slurry for 15 and 19 years might reach the screening value for soil pollution risk in agricultural land in China(GB 15618—2018)and the soil salt damage standard(EC>1.5 mS/cm),respectively.In summary,the application of straw slurry in farmland had the effect of improving vegetable yield and quality,and improving soil physicochemical properties.However,long-term application could increase the risk of increasing heavy metal content and soil salt damage in the soil vegetable system.
作者
王宇航
刘小曼
刘千喜
谭启玲
胡承孝
孙学成
武松伟
WANG Yu-hang;LIU Xiao-man;LIU Qian-xi;TAN Qi-ling;HU Cheng-xiao;SUN Xue-cheng;WU Song-wei(Xianning Agriculture Academy of Sciences,Xianning Hubei 437000;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Engineering Laboratory of New Fertilizer,Wuhan Hubei 430000;Hubei Lvxin Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xiangyang Hubei 441000)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第9期168-177,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
临沧市建设国家可持续发展议程创新示范区科技专项(202204AC100001-A01)
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0202000)。
关键词
秸秆沼液
微量元素
土壤理化性状
重金属
生态风险
straw biogas slurry
trace element
soil physical and chemical properties
heavy metal
ecological risk
