摘要
高寒地区因其低温、土壤贫瘠等条件严重限制了植物的生长发育。为探明微生物菌剂与有机肥配施对燕麦生长特性以及土壤特征的影响,设置6个施用量梯度的地衣芽孢杆菌(CK:0 kg·hm^(-2);DY1:3.75 kg·hm^(-2);DY2:7.50 kg·hm^(-2);DY3:11.25 kg·hm^(-2);DY4:15.00 kg·hm^(-2);DY5:18.75 kg·hm^(-2))与定量的有机肥(18000 kg·hm^(-2))联合施用处理,研究对燕麦的生长、品质、产量及燕麦田土壤特性的影响。结果显示,在DY4处理下,燕麦的生长发育显著加快,植株高度、盖度和根系鲜重分别比CK增加了36.85%、38.67%和54.32%。DY4处理的SPAD值、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均显著高于CK,而旗叶面积、叶片鲜质量、净光合速率在DY5处理下达到最高值。DY4处理显著提高了燕麦的鲜草和干草产量,分别较CK增加了60.11%和94.46%,且鲜干比显著降低了18.10%。在燕麦品质方面,DY4处理的粗蛋白、可溶性糖含量比CK分别显著提高了52.92%、31.58%,酸性性洗涤纤维含量较CK显著降低;DY5处理的粗脂肪和总可消化养分含量达到最大,且其饲草价值和质量均显著优于CK。土壤性质方面,DY4处理的有机碳含量达到最高,比CK增加了28.78%,pH值最低,较CK显著降低了9.50%;DY5处理下全氮含量最高,电导率最低,与DY4处理无显著差异。综上所述,地衣芽孢杆菌与有机肥的联合施用显著提升了高寒地区燕麦的生长与产量提升,并改善了土壤理化性质。其中,DY4处理效果最佳,即每公顷施用地衣芽孢杆菌15.00 kg、有机肥18000 kg的饲草生长发育最佳,饲草田土壤养分含量最高。
Alpine regions are characterized by low temperatures and nutrient-deficient soils,which severely limit plant growth and yield.This study investigated the effects of varying concentrations of Bacillus licheniformis in combination with organic fertilizer on the growth characteristics,quality,yield of oat(Avena sativa),and soil properties in high-altitude environments.Five concentration gradients of Bacillus licheniformis(DY1:3.75 kg·hm^(-2);DY2:7.50 kg·hm^(-2);DY3:11.25 kg·hm^(-2);DY4:15.00 kg·hm^(-2);DY5:18.75 kg·hm^(-2))were applied alongside a fixed amount of organic fertilizer(18000 kg·hm^(-2)).A control group(CK)with no fertilization was also established.The study assessed parameters related to oat growth,quality,yield and soil physicochemical properties.The results showed that under the DY4 treatment,the growth and development of oats were significantly accelerated,with plant height,canopy cover,and root fresh weight increasing by 36.85%,38.67%and 54.32%,respectively,compared to the control group.The SPAD value,intercellular CO_(2)concentration,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance in the DY4 treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group;whereas flag leaf area,leaf fresh mass,and net photosynthetic rate reached their maximum values under the DY5 treatment.The DY4 treatment significantly increased the green forage yield and hay yield of oats,by 60.11%and 94.46%,respectively,compared to the control group,and the fresh-to-dry weight ratio was significantly reduced by 18.10%.Regarding forage quality,the DY4 treatment significantly increased crude protein and soluble sugar contents by 52.92%and 31.58%,respectively,compared to the control,and resulted in the lowest acid detergent fiber content among all treatments.Among the treatments,the DY5 treatment achieved the highest levels of crude fat and total digestible nutrients,with both forage nutritive value and quality being significantly higher than those of the control.Regarding soil properties,the DY4 treatment exhibited the highest soil organic carbon content,which increased by 28.78%compared to CK,and the lowest pH value,significantly reduced by 9.50%relative to CK.Under the DY5 treatment,total nitrogen content was the highest and electrical conductivity was the lowest,with no significant differences observed between DY5 and DY4 treatments.In conclusion,the combined application of Bacillus licheniformis and organic fertilizer significantly enhanced oat growth,yield and forage quality while improving soil physicochemical properties in alpine regions.Among the treatments,DY4 demonstrated the most effective performance.
作者
李发毅
吕亮雨
蔡宗程
高佩
赵筱妍
刘艳
王玥
施建军
LI Fa-yi;LV Liang-yu;CAI Zong-cheng;GAO Pei;ZHAO Xiao-yan;LIU Yan;WANG Yue;SHI Jian-jun(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Science,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016;Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management of Alpine Grassland in Qinghai Province,Xining Qinghai 810016;State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Jointly Established by Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第9期119-128,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
青海省科技特派员专项(2024-NK-P24)
青海省林草局项目-沱沱河梭罗草原种繁育技术示范(青2024TG02)。
关键词
高海拔地区
生物菌剂
燕麦
土壤养分
隶属函数
high altitude
biofertilizer
Avena sativa L.
soil nutrients
affiliation function
