摘要
旨在探讨内蒙古自治区土默川平原灌区无膜浅埋滴灌条件下不同氮肥管理策略对玉米干物质积累及氮肥利用率的影响,以期为氮肥精准施用提供依据。以玉米品种S1602为供试材料,采用裂区设计,以施氮量为主区,设置0(N0)、240 kg/hm^(2)(N240)、300 kg/hm^(2)(N300)、360 kg/hm^(2)(N360)4个水平,以施肥次数为副区,设全生育期3次施肥(T3)、5次施肥(T5)和7次施肥(T7),通过调查产量、干物质和氮素积累与转运,研究不同氮肥运筹对玉米干物质积累动态、氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,分次施氮显著促进花后氮素向籽粒的转运,优化氮肥利用效率,但当施氮量超过300 kg/hm^(2)后,产量和氮肥利用效率趋于稳定甚至下降。与N240-T7和N300-T3相比,N300-T7干物质量分别增加了9.76%和5.21%,干物质快速积累持续时间分别延后了3和2 d,干物质最大积累量分别提高了9.32%和12.58%;籽粒氮素积累量分别增加了6.50%和10.52%。N300-T7玉米产量较N240-T7和N300-T3分别增加了4.59%和6.26%;氮肥利用率较N240-T7、N300-T3和N300-T5分别增加了5.33%、30.19%和12.95%。合理的施氮量和施氮次数可显著提高玉米的干物质积累和转运,提高氮肥利用率而不降低产量。在土默川平原灌区无膜浅埋滴灌下玉米全生育期施氮量为300 kg/hm^(2),施氮次数为7次,对提高玉米产量和氮肥利用效率效果最佳。
This study aimed to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management strategies on maize dry matter accumulation and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under filmless shallow buried drip irrigation conditions in the Tumochuan Plain irrigation area,in order to provide a basis for the precise application of nitrogen fertilizer.Maize variety S1602 was used as the test material,and a split-plot design was used.The nitrogen application amount was used as the main plot,and four levels of 0(N0),240 kg/hm^(2)(N240),300 kg/hm^(2)(N300)and 360 kg/hm^(2)(N360)were set up.The number of fertilizations was used as the sub-plot,and 3 times of fertilization(T3),5 times of fertilization(T5)and 7 times of fertilization(T7)in the whole growth period were set up.By investigating the yield,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation,the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer strategies on the dynamics of maize dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption and utilization were studied.The results showed that divided nitrogen application significantly promoted the transfer of nitrogen to grains after flowering and optimized nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.However,when the nitrogen application rate exceeded 300 kg/hm^(2),the yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency tended to be stable or even decrease.Compared with N240-T7 and N300-T3,the dry matter mass of N300-T7 increased by 9.76%and 5.21%,respectively,the duration of rapid dry matter accumulation was delayed by 3 and 2 d,respectively,and the maximum dry matter accumulation increased by 9.32%and 12.58%,respectively;Grain nitrogen accumulation increased by 6.50%and 10.52%,respectively.The maize yield of N300-T7 increased by 4.59%and 6.26%,respectively,compared with N240-T7 and N300-T3;The nitrogen utilization rate increased by 5.33%,30.19%and 12.95%,compared with N240-T7,N300-T3 and N300-T5.Reasonable nitrogen application amount and frequency could significantly improve the dry matter accumulation and transport of maize,and improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency without reducing yield.In the Tumochuan plain irrigation area,the nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm^(2) during the whole growth period of maize under shallow buried drip irrigation without film combined with 7 times of fertilization had the best effect on improving maize yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.
作者
贾楠
马达灵
高聚林
于晓芳
胡树平
JIA Nan;MA Da-ling;GAO Ju-lin;YU Xiao-fang;HU Shu-ping(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010019;Key Laboratory of High Yield and Efficient Cultivation of Crops in Northern Cold and Arid Areas,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010019;Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014100)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第9期62-72,共11页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301800)
内蒙古作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024ZY0038)。
关键词
土默川平原灌区
玉米
氮肥运筹
干物质积累
产量
氮素利用
Tumochuan Plain irrigation area
maize
nitrogen fertilizer management
dry matter accumulation
yield
nitrogen utilization
