摘要
生成语法的强势最简命题主张,内在语言优化系统中的合并操作附加经济原则有助于删除外化过程中无须拼读的成分。依据该生物语言学理念对汉语主宾可逆句进行的最简句法分析显示,采用“施事者、受事者”等题元名称来指称“一锅饭吃五个人/五个人吃一锅饭”中NP的语义角色并不适切,因为其中的NP是由分配义数量算子而非动词次范畴化所选择的语义成分(S-selection)。由于数量对应关系是该类句式的核心要义,因此两个名词词组都必须是数量型无定成分,这是由量化义中心语“每”的语类选择(C-selection)要求所决定的。鉴于定指短语无论是做主语还是做宾语都会改变句式的基本语义,这类结构更应该被称为分配义主宾可逆句(可区分为供义宾主句和用义主宾句两种变体);中心语的隐形拼读虽然会对主宾可逆句的感知造成理解困难,但却是该类结构的形态-句法-语义核心,而动词的隐现则是因其嫁接而成的附加语性质所致。基于局域非对称成分统制的分析方案显示,不同线性序列完全可以溯源至同一结构图示,因而可兑现强势最简命题所要求的可学性、普适性和可进化性3个基本条件。本文的新观点是:此类句式应该隶属于祈使句范畴,其中的名词短语具有数量短语固有的内在格位(部分格)。
The Strong Minimalist Thesis of Generative Grammar posits that the Merge operation,in alignment with the economy principle,is conducive to deleting unnecessary elements in the course of language externalization.Consistent with such biological themes,it is inappropriate to use theta terms like AGENT/PATIENT to describe the semantic roles of the NPs(noun phrases)in Yi guo fan chi wu ge ren/Wu ge ren chi yi guo fan.This is because the relevant NPs are not the S-selected arguments of the relevant verbs;in such structures,the NPs are actually C-selected by the quantifier head of distribution Mei,which is responsible for the structures’core semantics.Quantifier phrases that denote measurement are obligatory in this type of structure,whereas any definite NPs may undermine the core theta content of such sentences,which can be described as having a“for/use”meaning with corresponding variants.The absence of a quantifier head may create difficulty in terms of the perception and comprehension of such structures during communication;the verbs are optional due to their function as adjuncts.An analysis based on the local asymmetric C-command indicates that various sequences in linearity may be derived from the same structural configuration,thereby manifesting the Strong Minimalist Thesis’three criteria of learnability,universality,and evolvability.The novel contribution of this article resides in its conjecture that such clauses can be categorized as a subtype of imperative sentences,whose noun phrases are inherently assigned partitive cases due to their number-denoting nature.
作者
马志刚
Ma Zhigang(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,China)
出处
《北京第二外国语学院学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期68-83,共16页
Journal of Beijing International Studies University
基金
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“屈折形式融合的理论构建与粤-汉-英时体系统的对比研究”(项目编号:GD24CWY15)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
强势最简命题
可逆句
可学性
普适性
可进化性
合并
Strong Minimalist Thesis
flip-flop sentences
learnability
universality
evolvability
Merge
