摘要
目的分析2023—2024年昆明地区呼吸道病毒感染的流行病学特征,探讨不同病毒种类的检出率及其在不同时间段和不同年龄层的分布变化规律。方法回顾性收集2023年3月至2024年6月期间,因急性呼吸道感染至昆明市第三人民医院就诊的患者的鼻咽拭子或痰液样本共计10354例。通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)技术,对样本中的多种病原体进行检测。随后,对临床实验室的检测结果进行了回顾性分析,统计各类呼吸道病毒的整体检出率、多重感染现象、性别差异、年龄分布、季节性变化、感染部位差异以及不同月份的感染情况。结果在检测10354例患者的呼吸道样本中,检出病原体感染3368例,检出率为32.53%(3368/10354)。有204例患者呈现≥2种病原体的混合感染,混合检出率为(6.06%,204/3368)。女性单一检出率显著高于男性(P<0.001),男性多重检出率显著高于女性(P<0.05),提示男性合并感染风险可能更高。在不同年龄组的比较中,5~18岁组的病毒检出率最高为55.87%。FluA、FluB及SIV-H3在不同疾病类型的呼吸道病毒检出率中存在显著差异(P<0.05)。2023年3月位居首位,检出率为(54.27%,5619/10354),其中甲型流感病毒(FluA)和季节性流感病毒H3亚型(SIV-H3)为检出率最高的病原体。结论昆明地区急性呼吸道感染(ARI)病例中感染的病毒以FluA、FluB和SIV-H3为主要病原体,该地区病毒流行特征与患者年龄阶段、季节变化以及感染部位等因素紧密相关。
Objective Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infections in Kunming area during 2023-2024,and explore the detection rates of different virus types and their distribution patterns across different time periods and age groups.Methods A total of 10354 nasopharyngeal swab or sputum samples were retrospectively collected from patients with acute respiratory infections who visited the Third People's Hospital of Kunming City between March 2023 and June 2024.Multiple pathogens were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)technology.A retrospective analysis was then conducted on the clinical laboratory detection results,statistically analyzing the overall detection rates of various respiratory viruses,multiple infection phenomena,gender differences,age distribution,seasonal variations,infection site differences,and monthly infection situations.Results Among the 10354 patient respiratory samples tested,3368 pathogen infections were detected,with a detection rate of 32.53%(3368/10354).204 patients presented with mixed infections of≥2 pathogens,with a mixed detection rate of 6.06%(204/3368).The single detection rate for females was significantly higher than males(P<0.001),and the multiple infection detection rate for males is significantly higher than females(P<0.05),indicating that males may have a higher risk of concurrent infections.Among different age groups,the virus detection rate was highest in the 5-18 years age group at 55.87%.Significant differences were observed in the detection rates of FluA,FluB,and SIV-H3 across different disease types(P<0.05).In March 2023,the detection rate was highest at 54.27%(5619/10354),with Influenza A virus(FluA)and seasonal influenza H3 subtype(SIV-H3)being the most detected pathogens.Conclusion In acute respiratory infection(ARI)cases in the Kunming area,FluA,FluB,and SIV-H3 were the primary viral pathogens,with the region's viral epidemic characteristics closely related to patient age stages,seasonal changes,and infection site factors.
作者
李冬玲
尹光凤
余婷婷
李松鹏
张淑琼
普冬
LI Dongling;YIN Guangfeng;YU Tingting;LI Songpeng;ZHANG Shuqiong;PU Dong(Clinical Laboratory,The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming/Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases,Kunming Yunnan 650041,China)
出处
《昆明医科大学学报》
2025年第10期61-69,共9页
Journal of Kunming Medical University
基金
昆明市卫生健康委员会卫生科研课题(2023-11-01-27)。
关键词
呼吸道感染
病毒
流行病学特征
实时荧光定量PCR
Respiratory infection
Virus
Epidemiological characteristics
Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR
