摘要
本文对2015-2017年华龙洞遗址发现的非飞行小哺乳动物化石进行了研究,结果显示可鉴定标本数共5645件,包含3目11科38属49种(含2个未定种),其中现生种类45种、化石种类仅有2种(灭绝种占比4.26%)。在标本和物种数量上,目一级和科一级分别以啮齿目和鼠科占优,属一级姬鼠属占主导地位。在物种组成上,华龙洞遗址的非飞行小哺乳动物化石组合和中国南方中更新世中晚期的玉米洞、兴隆洞、岩灰洞和宝坛寺等组合比较相似。与安徽现生小哺乳动物组合对比显示,自中更新世晚期以来,东至地区的小哺乳动物发生了明显的物种更替。基于八个优势现生种的生境分析显示,华龙洞遗址在中更新世晚期可能是温带-亚热带山地森林与草地混合的环境;随机森林算法计算得到的古年均温和古年均降水量值明显低于东至现今的气象数据,指示当时气候相对干凉。
Hualongdong(HLD)site in Dongzhi County,Anhui Province is another important locality for early hominin skull fossils following notable sites such as Zhoukoudian in Beijing,Lantian in Shaanxi,Hexian in Anhui and Tangshan in Nanjing.The geological age of the site is approximately 300 ka.Since its discovery in 2004,multiple excavations have been conducted at HLD site,yielding abundant hominin and associated vertebrate fossils.This study focuses on the taxonomic identification,faunal analysis of non-volant small mammal fossils associated with hominin fossils from the 2015-2017 excavation,and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.A total of 5,645 non-volant micromammal fossil specimens have been discovered,primarily consisting of isolated teeth.These fossils represent 3 orders,11 families,38 genera,and 49 species(including two species indeterminata).In terms of both the number of species and the number of identified specimens,Rodentia is dominant at the ordinal level;Muridae is the most diverse at the familial level;and Apodemus is the most abundant at the generic level.The extinction proportion of HLD site is low(4.26%),which is obviously different from the Early Pleistocene and the early Middle Pleistocene non-volant small mammal assemblages with abundant Tertiary relict species,and the Late Pleistocene animal assemblages with almost complete disappearance of extinct species,but more similar to the late Middle Pleistocene small non-volant mammal assemblage in southern China.In terms of faunal composition,the non-volant micromammalian assemblage of the HLD site shows the higher similarity to that of Yumidong of Chongqing,Xinglogndong of Chongqing,Yanhuidong of Guizhou,and Baotansi of Chongqing.The comparison with the present small mammal assemblages shows that remarkable species alternations have taken place in this region,with the decline in species quantity of Soricinae,flying sciurids and Apodemus,the emergence of temperate species Myospalax and the disappearance of subtropical and tropical species since the late Middle Pleistocene to the present.The 45 extant species at the HLD site collectively reflect a forest-dominated habitat;however,the top eight dominant species,as determined by minimum number of individuals(MNI),indicate a mixed forest-grassland environment.Based on the MNI,we analyzed the habitat preferences of these dominant species.Among them,Pteromys volans and Lasiopodomys brandtii are primarily distributed in temperate regions;Eothenomys melanogaster is usually inhabited subtropical and tropical shrublands;species of Apodemus and Niviventer andersoni are mainly found in temperate and subtropical areas;while Mus musculus is widely distributed from tropical to temperate zones.These species typically inhabit various forest types and meadow environments at forest edges.In light of the small mammal assemblage,we infer that the HLD site in Dongzhi,Anhui,during the late Middle Pleistocene,featured a mixed environment of forests and meadows.The mean annual temperature(MAT)and mean annual precipitation(MAP)reconstructed using the Random Forest algorithm for the late Middle Pleistocene HLD site were 12.57℃ and 909.81 mm(based on the eight MNI dominant species)and 13.38℃ and 1014.70 mm(based on all 45 extant species),respectively.These values are lower than the meteorological data from present-day Dongzhi(16.1℃ and 1628.3 mm),indicating that the climate at that time was somewhat cooler and drier.
作者
常美静
李强
倪喜军
张玄
同号文
CHANG Meijing;LI Qiang;NI Xijun;ZHANG Xuan;TONG Haowen(Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)
出处
《人类学学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期799-815,I0008-I0011,共21页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFF0804500)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(42430207)。
关键词
东至
华龙洞遗址
中更新世
非飞行小哺乳动物
古环境
Dongzhi
HLD site
Middle Pleistocene
non-volant micromammalian fauna
Paleoenvironment
