摘要
安徽华龙洞遗址的1号地点是近些年来中国境内发现的最重要的中更新世晚期古人类化石地点。该遗址发现于1988年,自2017年之后,动物群名单中新增加了如下属种:仰鼻猴属(未定种)、犬属(未定种)、武陵山大熊猫、豹、云豹、柯氏豹猫、华龙林狸、果子狸、食蟹獴、最后斑鬣狗、马属(未定种)、斯迪凡犀属(未定种)、水鹿、獐及鬣羚等;还增添了更多更完好的化石标本,例如黑熊、巴氏大熊猫、虎、葛氏斑鹿、李氏野猪及大额牛等,后两者代表了各自目前所知的最大个体;华龙洞的棕熊、马、李氏野猪和大角鹿代表了各自在中国大陆东部地区最靠南的化石分布。目前,华龙洞遗址出土的哺乳动物化石已多达93种。此外,武陵山大熊猫的发现使得华龙洞遗址动物群的时代变得复杂起来,因为该种大熊猫之前仅发现于早更新世晚期地层,与华龙洞遗址的形成时间不一致,这很可能与新老地层混杂有关。华龙洞动物群的优势种是大额牛和鹿类动物,这与湖北白龙洞遗址的情况十分相似。
The Hualongdong site(Hualongdong Loc.1)in Dongzhi County,Anhui Province is the most important fossil site of mid-Pleistocene Homo found in China in recent years.The Hualongdong site was discovered in 1988 and has undergone 9 formal excavations in 2006,2014~2016,2017~2019 and 2023 respectively.The mammalian fossils unearthed during the periods 2014~2016 have been preliminarily reported;Since 2017 onward,a large number of mammal fossils have been discovered,and more species have been added to the fauna list:Rhinopithecus sp.,Canis sp.,Ailuropoda wulingshanensis,Panthera pardus,Neofelis nebulosa,Prionailurus kurteni,Prionodon hualongensis,Paguma larvata,Urva urva,Crocuta ultima,Equus sp.,Stephanorhinus sp.,Rusa unicorlor,Hydropotes sp.and Capricornis sp.At present,there are as many as 93 species,including undetermined species of mammals have been recognized from the Hualongdong site.More and more complete fossil specimens have been added to the previously reported genera and species,such as the Ursus thibetanus,Ailuropoda baconi,Panthera tigris,Sus lydekkeri,Cervus grayi,and Bos(Bibos)sp.,among which Sus lydekkeri and Bos(Bibos)sp.have the largest body sizes for their kinds ever known.The fossils of brown bear(Ursus arctos),horse(Equus sp.),Lydekker’s pig(Sus lydekkeri)and giant deer(Sinomegaceros sp.)from Hualongdong represent the southernmost occurrence of their kinds in eastern China,and they are more frequently recovered in the northern faunas.The age of the fauna of the Hualongdong site is complicated by the discovery of the fossil of Ailuropoda wulingshanensis,because this species was only found in the late Early Pleistocene sites,which is obviously inconsistent with the formation time(ca.300 ka)of the Hualongdong site as currently dated.The explanation for this phenomenon is most likely due to the collapse and re-accumulation of the original cave deposits,resulting in a mixture of old and new strata.The dominant species of the Hualongdong fauna are gaurs and diverse cervids,which are very similar to those of the Bailongdong fauna in Hubei Province.The Hualongdong fauna is different from that of the nearby Hexian Man Site in the lackness of gaurs in the latter.In general,the dominant species of the Hualongdong fauna is comparable to the Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna of Middle Pleistocene in southern China,but with a few invaders from the North,which suggests a relatively cold substage at which the Hualongdong Man once experienced.The Hualongdong fauna is different from the Late Pleistocene fauna of southern China,the latter is usually dominated by the Sus scrofa-cervids assemblage.
作者
同号文
江左其杲
李强
常美静
刘博轩
金泽田
TONG Haowen;JIANGZUO Qigao;LI Qiang;CHANG Meijing;LIU Boxuan;JIN Zetian(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Dongzhi County Culture and Tourism Bureau,Dongzhi 247200)
出处
《人类学学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期779-798,共20页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(42172021,41572003)
科技基础资源调查专项(2023YF100905)。
