摘要
舌苔术语及其内涵变化与舌诊理论发展息息相关。既往舌诊文献研究以源流梳理为主,而缺乏术语变化的内涵分析。本文运用隐喻认知理论阐释舌苔术语及其内涵变化的相应关系。从“舌胎”到“舌苔”的术语变化过程中,舌苔从单纯的病理性概念到兼具生理意义,苔质关系从舌苔附着于舌体表面到苔质交际而不可分。张仲景所用“胎”字蕴含建筑隐喻,以体现舌苔均平而略高于舌体的外形特点;明清医家则逐渐使用“苔”字,通过植物隐喻说明舌苔与舌质的有机联系,并构建水火隐喻与植物隐喻解释舌苔在生理及病理状态下如何形成。因而,相较于胞胎之“胎”,苔藓之“苔”具有更丰富的隐喻意义,与舌苔术语的内涵变化相应,有助于解释相关生理病理现象,这是影响舌苔术语演变的关键因素。
The terminology and connotation changes of tongue coating are closely associated with the development of the theory of tongue inspection.Previous literature research on tongue inspection has primarily focused on tracing the origins;however,it lacks an analysis of the connotations of terminology changes.This article uses the theory of metaphorical cognition to elucidate the corresponding relationship between tongue coating terminology and its connotation changes.In the process of terminology change from"tongue fur"to"tongue moss,"tongue coating has evolved from a purely pathological concept to one with physiological significance.The relationship between tongue coating and body has changed from the attachment of tongue coating to the surface of the tongue body to the inseparability of tongue coating and body.The characteristic terminology"fur"used by ZHANG Zhongjing contains architectural metaphors,reflecting the characteristic of the tongue coating being flat and slightly higher than the tongue body.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,medical practitioners gradually used the term"moss"to illustrate the organic connection between tongue coating and the tongue body through plant metaphors.They constructed metaphors of water and fire,as well as plants,to explain how tongue coating forms in both physiological and pathological states.Therefore,compared to the"fur,"the"moss"has a richer metaphorical meaning,corresponding to the connotations of tongue coating terminology,which helps explain related physiological and pathological manifestations,and is a key factor affecting the evolution of tongue coating terminology.
作者
赖敏
贾春华
徐爽
LAI Min;JIA Chunhua;XU Shuang(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine,Chongqing 402760,China;Medical Department,Qinghai University,Qinghai 810016,China)
出处
《北京中医药大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期1228-1233,共6页
Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82074582)。
关键词
舌苔
舌胎
隐喻
术语
tongue coating
tongue fur
metaphor
terminology
