摘要
目的分析心脏外科手术患者术中发生压力性损伤的相关危险因素及护理对策。方法选择2021年8月—2024年1月接受心脏外科手术治疗的200例患者为研究对象,分别统计发生压力性损伤与未发生压力性损伤患者的性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、血清白蛋白、合并糖尿病、手术体位、术中失血量、手术时长、是否存在摩擦力或剪切力刺激,采用单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析,探索心脏手术患者发生压力性损伤的危险因素。结果200例心脏手术患者中发生压力性损伤共49例(24.5%)。单因素分析结果显示,影响术中压力性损伤形成的因素包括年龄≥65岁、BMI≥25 kg/m^(2)、血清白蛋白<35 g/L、手术时间≥5 h、术中出血量≥200 ml/h、术中外力刺激,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,年龄≥65岁、BMI≥25 kg/m^(2)、血清白蛋白<35g/L、手术时间≥5h、术中外力刺激为手术室患者压力性损伤发生的独立危险因素。结论影响心脏手术患者术中发生压力性损伤的危险因素较多,如年龄、BMI、血清白蛋白、手术时间、术中外力刺激等,术前及术中需采取针对性护理干预措施,以降低心脏手术术中压力性损伤的发生率。
Objective To analyze the related risk factors and nursing countermeasures of pressure ulcers occurring during cardiac surgery.Methods Continuously selected 200 patients who underwent cardiac surgery from August 2021 to January 2024 as the research object,and statistically analyzed the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients with pressure ulcers and those without pressure ulcers.The factors included gender,age,body mass index(BMI),serum albumin,diabetes,surgical position,intraoperative blood loss,operation time,friction or shear force stimulation.Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of pressure ulcers in cardiac surgery patients.Results Of the 200 cardiac surgery patients,49 patients(24.5%)developed pressure ulcers.The single factor analysis results showed that the factors affecting the formation of pressure ulcers during surgery included age≥65 years,BMI≥25 kg/m^(2),serum albumin<35g/L,operation time≥5 hours,intraoperative blood loss≥200 ml/h,and external force stimulation during surgery,with significant differences(P<0.05).After multivariate logistic regression analysis,age≥65 years,BMI≥25 kg/m^(2),serum albumin<35g/L,operation time≥5 hours,and external force stimulation during surgery were independent risk factors for pressure ulcers in operating room patients.Conclusion There are many risk factors that can affect the occurrence of pressure ulcers during cardiac surgery,such as age,BMI,serum albumin,operation time,and external force stimulation during surgery.Preventive and interventional nursing measures should be taken before and during surgery to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers during cardiac surgery.
作者
秦思旸
陈彤云
QIN Si-yang;CHEN Tong-yun(Tianjin Chest Hospital Operating Room,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《继续医学教育》
2025年第7期142-145,共4页
Continuing Medical Education
基金
天津市医学重点学科(专科)建设项目(TJYXZDXK-3-030C)
基于AI影像识别的主动脉夹层术风险评估平台的建立(2024TJMT024)。
关键词
心脏外科
压力性损伤
危险因素
护理对策
cardiac surgery
pressure injury
risk factors
nursing intervention
