摘要
自2018年以来,滇池全湖水质已连续6年保持在地表水Ⅳ类水平,但2023年湖体水质有所波动,特别是6月和7月COD超过40 mg/L、TP超过0.1 mg/L。对2018年—2023年滇池水质变化趋势进行了分析,并深入查找2023年滇池水质波动的原因。结果表明,气象、出入湖水量、入湖河道水质水量等因素共同导致2023年滇池水质的波动。一方面,受高温影响,2023年滇池蓝藻水华为近6年最严重,增大了湖体内源污染;另一方面,2023年牛栏江-滇池补水量和海口闸下泄水量均为近6年的最小值,湖泊换水周期延长至9.69年,造成污染物在湖内浓缩、累积;此外,流域污染治理还存在短板,汛期污染尤为严重,雨季入湖污染负荷为旱季的1.5~2.5倍,溢流和降雨径流污染控制亟待加强。为进一步巩固和提升滇池水质,建议拓宽滇池补水水源,优化水资源调度和配置;补齐污染治理短板,降低汛期污染强度;精准治理,实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化。上述措施有助于全面提升滇池全湖水质,有效控制富营养化问题,逐步恢复水生态系统功能。
Since 2018,the annual average water quality of Dianchi Lake has maintained classⅣof surface water standard for six years.However,the water quality of the lake fluctuated in 2023,with COD exceeding 40 mg/L and TP exceeding 0.1 mg/L,particularly in June and July.This paper analyzes the trend of water quality change in Dianchi Lake from 2018 to 2023,and further investigates the causes of water quality fluctuation in 2023.The results show that the water quality fluctuation in Dianchi Lake in 2023 was caused by meteorological factors,the volume of water inflow and outflow,and the quality of inflow rivers.On the one hand,the temperature in 2023 was the highest in history.Under the elevated temperatures,cyanobacterial blooms were the most severe in the past six years.The accumulation and decomposition of cyanobacteria in the lake increased the internal pollution load.In 2023,the replenishment water of Niulan River-Dianchi Lake and the discharge water were the lowest volumes in the past six years. This reduction in water inflow and outflow extended the lake’s water exchange cycle to 9.69 years, leading to the concentration and accumulation of pollutants. Additionally, there were still shortcomings in watershed pollution control, with particularly severe pollution during the rainy season. The pollution load entering the lake during the rainy season was 1.5-2.5 times that of the dry season. Therefore, the control of overflow and rainfall runoff pollution needs to be strengthened. To further consolidate and improve the water quality of Dianchi Lake, it is suggested to broaden the water source and optimize water resource scheduling and allocation. It is also necessary to address the weaknesses in pollution control, particularly reducing the intensity of pollution during the rainy season, and to optimize resource allocation more precisely and efficiently to maximize benefits. By taking the above measures, the water quality of Dianchi Lake can be improved, the eutrophication problem can be effectively controlled, and the function of the water ecosystem can be gradually restored.
作者
吴雪
朱启凤
张英
王燕彩
董蕾
WU Xue;ZHU Qi‑feng;ZHANG Ying;WANG Yan‑cai;DONG Lei(Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Kunming Institute of Eco‑Environmental Science,Kunming 650032,China)
出处
《中国给水排水》
北大核心
2025年第18期34-42,共9页
China Water & Wastewater
基金
长江生态环境保护修复联合研究(二期)项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0511-01)
云南省技术创新人才培养对象项目(202305AD160060)。
关键词
滇池
水质波动
原因分析
对策
Diachi Lake
water quality fluctuation
cause analysis
countermeasures
