摘要
【目的】解析洱海污染物来源并量化源贡献,为流域水环境保护决策提供科学依据。【方法】基于洱海多年水质监测数据,分析其污染特征,并使用主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)和正定矩阵因子分解法(positive matrix factorization,PMF)进行污染来源及其贡献率解析。【结果】洱海2015—2021年综合营养状态指数整体呈波动上升趋势,雨季营养状态指数显著高于旱季,9、10月处于最大值。PCA和PMF源解析结果表明:按贡献率从大到小排序,造成洱海水体污染的主要原因为农田面源、畜禽养殖、生活污水和气象因素。【结论】洱海处于中营养状态,但整体呈现营养化趋势,污染主要集中在雨季,应当加强汛期污染防控。主要污染源为农业面源,应加强农业面源系统治理,形成“源头减量—过程拦截—养分再利用—末端修复”的全过程防控体系。其中,源头部分是重点,应当调整农业种植结构,转变农业生产方式,提高植物养分利用效率,推动流域实现农业绿色高质量发展。
[Purpose]To analyze the sources of pollutants in Erhai Lake and quantify their contri-butions,providing a scientific basis for watershed water environment protection.[Methods]Basedon the water quality monitoring data of Erhai Lake for many years,the pollution characteristics were analyzed,and the principal component analysis(PCA)and positive matrix factorization(PMF)wereused to analyze the pollution sources and their contribution rates.[Results]The comprehensive nu-tritional status index of Erhai Lake showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2015 to 2021.The nutri-tional status index in the rainy season was significantly higher than that in the dry season,and it was atthe maximum in September and October.PCA and PMF source analysis results showed that the mainreasons for water pollution in Erhai Lake,sorted from the highest contribution rate to the lowest,wereagricultural non-point source,livestock and poultry breeding,domestic sewage and meteorologicalfactor.[Conclusion]Erhai Lake is in a mesotropher,but the overall trend is trophic.The pollutionis mainly concentrated in rainy season,and the pollution prevention and control in the flood seasonshould be strengthened.The main pollution source is agricultural non-point source,and the treatmentof agricultural non-point source system should be strengthened to form a whole process preventionand control system of“source reduction-process interception-nutrient reuse-end restoration”.In thesource section,the focus is on adjusting the agricultural planting structure,transforming the mode ofagricultural production,improving the efficiency of plant nutrient utilization,and the realization ofgreen and high-quality development of agriculture in the basin.
作者
李明民
王俊松
和弦
鲍智弥
杨顺涛
孔燕
冯海涛
唐诚
LI Mingmin;WANG Junsong;HE Xian;BAO Zhimi;YANG Shuntao;KONG Yan;FENG Haitao;TANG Cheng(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed,Yunnan ResearchAcademy of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Kunming 650034,China;Erhai Research Center,Yunnan ResearchAcademy of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Dali 671000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)
出处
《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第2期146-153,共8页
Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U2102207)
云南省科技厅科技计划项目基础研究专项(202401AT070307)。
关键词
主成分分析
正定矩阵因子分解模型
源解析
洱海
农业面源污染
principal component analysis
positive matrix factorization model
source analysis
ErhaiLake
agricultural non-point source pollution
