摘要
为筛选大豆田中对常见杂草鳢肠和马瓟瓜防除效果好的除草剂,通过整株生物测定法测定24种常用除草剂(主要包括乙酰乳酸合成酶ALS类、原卟啉原氧化酶PPO抑制类、光合作用PSⅡ抑制类除草剂)茎叶喷雾处理对鳢肠和马瓟瓜的除草活性及对大豆的安全性。结果表明:ALS抑制类除草剂在药后3、7 d对鳢肠和马瓟瓜的防除效果不佳,药后14 d有所提升,其中噻吩磺隆对2种杂草的鲜重抑制率达88.31%~94.61%。PPO抑制类除草剂苯嘧磺草胺、氟磺胺草醚、乙氧氟草醚和PSⅡ抑制类除草剂灭草松、辛酰溴苯腈、氨唑草酮处理后对鳢肠的防除效果在药后3、7、14 d整体均表现为良好,其中70%苯嘧磺草胺水分散粒剂(WDG)26.25~78.75 g a.i./hm^(2)、480 g/L灭草松水剂(AS)540~1440 g a.i./hm^(2)、30%辛酰溴苯腈乳油(EC)168.75~405 g a.i./hm^(2)处理的鲜重抑制率均达100.00%,防除效果理想。PPO抑制类除草剂28%三氟羧草醚微乳剂(ME)225~450 g a.i./hm^(2)、10%乙羧氟草醚EC 60~90 g a.i./hm^(2)、250 g/L氟磺胺草醚AS 225~450 g a.i./hm^(2)处理在施用后7、14 d,其对马瓟瓜的株数抑制率和鲜重抑制率达86.50%~100.00%;PSⅡ抑制类除草剂38%莠去津悬浮剂(SC)225~450 g a.i./hm^(2)和40%氰草津SC 150~300 g a.i./hm^(2)处理虽在药后3 d对马瓟瓜的防除效果较差,但药后7、14 d的株抑制率和鲜重抑制率达94.58%~100.00%。安全性试验结果表明,PPO抑制类苯嘧磺草胺、三氟羧草醚、乙羧氟草醚、氟磺胺草醚和PSⅡ抑制类除草剂灭草松、辛酰溴苯腈对大豆安全,但莠去津和氰草津对大豆会产生严重的药害。综上所述,PPO抑制类苯嘧磺草胺和PSⅡ抑制类除草剂灭草松、辛酰溴苯腈可以作为防除大豆田鳢肠的候选药剂,PPO抑制类三氟羧草醚、乙羧氟草醚、氟磺胺草醚可以作为马瓟瓜的候选防除药剂。
In order to screen out herbicides with good control effects on common weeds Eclipta prostrata L.and Cucumis melo var.agrestis Naud.in soybean fields,this study evaluated the herbicidal activity of 24 commonly used herbicides(mainly include 7 types of acetolactate synthase ALS,protoporphyrinogen oxidase PPO inhibitors,and 7 types of photosynthesis PSⅡinhibitors herbcides)applied at post-emergence stage on E.prostrata and C.melo var.agrestis using whole-plant bioassay methods.The results showed that ALS inhibitor herbicides exhibited poor control efficacy on the both weeds at 3 and 7 days after application,with some improvement observed at 14 days after application.Among them,fresh weight inhibition rates of thifensulfuron-methyl on the two weeds were 88.31%-94.61%.PPO inhibitor herbicides such as saflufenacil,fomesafen,and oxyfluorfen as well as PSⅡinhibitor herbicides including bentazon,bromoxynil octanoate,and amicarbazone,demonstrated good control efficacy on E.prostrata at 3,7,and 14 days after application.Specifically,fresh weight inhibition rates of saflufenacil 70%WDG at 26.25-78.75 g a.i./hm^(2),bentazon 480 g/L AS at 540-1440 g a.i./hm^(2),and bromoxynil octanoate 30%EC at 168.75-405 g a.i./hm^(2)achieved 100.00%,indicating ideal control efficacy.For C.melo,PPO inhibitor herbicides such as acifluorfen 28%ME at 225-450 g a.i./hm^(2),fluoroglycofen-ethyl 10%EC at 60-90 g a.i./hm^(2),and fomesafen 250 g/L AS at 225-450 g a.i./hm^(2),with plant and fresh weight inhibition rates reaching 86.50%-100.00%at 7 and 14 days after application.Although PSⅡinhibitor herbicides like atrazine 38%SC at 225-450 g a.i./hm^(2)and cyanazine at 150-300 g a.i./hm^(2)initially showed poor control efficacy at 3 days after application,the plant and fresh weight inhibition rates of 94.58%-100.00%at 7 and 14 days after application.Selectivity trial results showed that PPO inhibitor herbicides such as acifluorfen,fluoroglycofen-ethyl,and fomesafen,along with PSⅡinhibitor herbicides bentazon and bromoxynil octanoate,demonstrated selective to soybeans,but atrazine and cyanazine were highly phytotoxic to soybeans.In conclusion,PPO inhibitor herbicides such as saflufenacil and PSⅡinhibitor herbicides such as bentazon and bromoxynil are potential candidates for controlling E.prostrata,while PPO inhibitor herbicides such as acifluorfen,fluoroglycofen-ethyl,and fomesafen,are suitable candidates for controlling C.melo.
作者
薛飞
冷秋丽
徐洪乐
苏旺苍
孙兰兰
魏红梅
鲁现峰
吴仁海
XUE Fei;LENG Qiuli;XU Hongle;SU Wangcang;SUN Lanlan;Wei Hongmei;LU Xianfeng;WU Renhai(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《杂草学报》
2025年第3期38-47,共10页
Journal of Weed Science
基金
国家重点研发计划(编号:2023YFD1400503)
河南省农业科学院科技创新团队专项(编号:2024TD12)。
