摘要
随着声掩蔽技术成为常规噪声治理措施外的有效补充方式,掩蔽声中影响掩蔽效果的声学因素成为重点研究内容。以在现场采集的早高峰市中心主干道路噪声信号为被掩蔽声,以鸟鸣、喷泉声、雨声及其混合声为掩蔽声,分别制备能量配比为1:1的单一和混合掩蔽实验信号,招募20名志愿者开展主观烦恼度评价实验,从时域、频域、心理声学和社会学多角度分析掩蔽效果的主要影响因素。研究结果表明,在掩蔽道路交通噪声的自然声中,鸟鸣的掩蔽效果最好,鸟鸣和喷泉声的混合声掩蔽效果其次。掩蔽效果的相关性分析表明,在频域和时域参量中较低的谱质心和过零率可以提高掩蔽效果;在心理声学方面,心理声学参量N_(50)和S_(50)与掩蔽效果呈明显负相关,R_(50)、F_(S)和T_(5)与掩蔽效果呈明显正相关。社会学因素分析表明,耳机使用时长对单一自然声掩蔽效果具有显著的影响,而混合自然掩蔽声受社会学因素影响不明显。
As acoustic masking technique has become an effective complement to conventional noise management measures,the study of acoustic factors affecting the masking effect in the masking sound has become a focal point.In this study,the noise signals from the main roads in the city center collected in the morning rush hour were used as the masked sound,and the birdsong,fountain sound,rain sound,and their mixed sound were used as the masking sound,the single and mixed masking experimental signals with an energy ratio of 1:1 were prepared.Twenty volunteers were recruited to carry out the subjective evaluation test.The main influencing factors of the masking effect were analyzed from the multiple perspectives of time domain,frequency domain,psychoacoustics and sociology.The study results show that among the natural sounds masking road traffic noise,birdsong is the most effective,followed by a mixture of birdsong and fountain sound.Single and mixed masking acoustic correlation analyses show that lower spectral centroid and zero-crossing rate in frequency and time domain characteristics can improve the masking effect.The psychoacoustic parameters N_(50) and S_(50) show a significant negative correlation with the masking effect,and the parameters R_(50),F_(S) and T_(5) show a significant positive correlation with the masking effect.The analysis of sociological factors show that the length of headphone use has a significant effect on the masking effect of single natural sound,while the mixed natural masked sound is slightly affected by sociological factors.
作者
王辉
邓淇尹
蔡俊
王静
WANG Hui;DENG Qiyin;CAI Jun;WANG Jing(School of Mechanical Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;School of Environment Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai,200240,China)
出处
《噪声与振动控制》
北大核心
2025年第5期234-239,246,共7页
Noise and Vibration Control
基金
国家环境保护道路交通噪声控制工程技术中心开放课题资助项目。
关键词
声学
道路交通噪声
主观烦恼度
自然声
混合掩蔽
声学参量
acoustics
road traffic noise
subjective annoyance
natural sound
mixed masking
acoustic parameters
