摘要
【目的】探究环境温度和CO_(2)浓度升高的趋势下,不同灌水量对于樱桃番茄生长、产量和品质的影响,确定生长和光合关键指标对于最终产量和品质的贡献度。【方法】以‘粉妹一号’樱桃番茄为研究对象,进行温度、CO_(2)浓度和灌水量三因素随机区组试验。设两个温度水平:环境温度(T_(1))和环境温度+2.3℃(T_(2));两个CO_(2)浓度:400μmol/mol(C_(1))和800μmol/mol(C_(2));并以Ф20 cm标准蒸发皿的累计蒸发量(Ep)为灌水依据,设置了3个灌水量:75%Ep(I_(1))、100%Ep(I_(2))和125%Ep(I_(3)),共12个处理。测定樱桃番茄生长、光合、产量、品质和灌溉水分利用效率5类16个指标。解析单因素和多因素交互对樱桃番茄不同生长指标的调控效应,基于相关性分析和通径分析,确定与产量和品质相关的关键指标。【结果】在整个生育期内,I_(1)处理下的樱桃番茄叶片净光合速率(Pn)和总叶绿素含量均处于较低水平。在I_(3)灌水量促进了开花坐果期至结果期T_(2)C_(2)组合下的植株株高和叶面积增加。其中,T_(2)C_(2)I_(3)处理在结果期的叶片干物质积累量最大,比同期T_(2)C_(2)I_(1)处理高出47.5%。I_(2)灌水量促进了T_(2)温度下茎部的干物质积累,T_(2)C_(2)I_(2)处理在结果期的茎部干物质量最大,比同期T_(2)C_(2)I_(1)处理高出33.3%。I_(2)灌水量还改善了不同环境下根系的生长状况,结果期T_(1)C_(2)I_(2)处理下根干物质积累量最大,比同期最T_(2)C_(1)I_(1)处理高出106.8%。温度和灌水量对所有品质指标均产生了显著影响。其中,T_(2)C_(1)I_(1)处理下的果实总可溶性固形物、酸度、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性总糖和维生素C含量均为最高,其可溶性总糖含量比T_(1)C_(1)I_(3)处理高出61.1%。而T_(1)C_(2)I_(3)处理的产量最高,比T_(2)C_(1)I_(1)处理提高了124.8%。此外,I_(2)灌溉水平提高了T_(2)与C_(1)环境下的灌溉水分利用效率。通径分析结果显示,不同生育期的净光合速率中,幼苗期的净光合速率对产量具有最大贡献(通径系数达0.539),开花坐果期和结果期的茎干物质积累则分别对番茄红素和可溶性总糖含量具有最大贡献,其直接通径系数分别为-0.695和-0.660。【结论】增温不利于番茄植株从苗期到开花坐果期的生长以及叶片的生长和干物质积累,也不利于产量的形成。但增温与轻度干旱胁迫提高了番茄的抗逆能力和果实品质。在未来温度和CO_(2)浓度升高的环境趋势下,增加灌水量是充分利用环境因素提升温室栽培作物效益的必要手段。
【Objectives】In order to cope with theincreasing trend of environmental temperature and CO_(2)concentration,we studied the effects of different irrigation amounts on the growth,yield,and quality of cherry tomatoes,as well as the key growth and photosynthetic factors related to the final yield and quality of fruits.【Methods】Using‘Fenmei 1’cherry tomato as the research subject,a three-factor randomized block experiment was conducted with two temperatures levels(T_(1):ambient temperature,and T_(2):ambient temperature+2.3℃),two CO_(2)concentration levels(C_(1):400μmol/mol,and C_(2):800μmol/mol),and three irrigation amounts(I_(1):75%Ep,I_(2):100%Ep,and I_(3):125%Ep).Here,Ep represents the cumulative evaporation capacity(mm)of a standard evaporating dish with a diameter of 20 cm,resulting in a total of 12 treatments.Sixteen indicators across five categories of growth,photosynthesis,yield,quality and irrigation water use efficiency of cherry tomato were determined.The regulatory effects of single-factor and multi-factor interaction on different indicators were analyzed.The key indicators related to yield and quality were extracted using correlation analysis and path analysis.【Results】I_(1)treatments exhibited lower net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and total chlorophyll content during whole growing period.I_(3)irrigation level promoted plant height and leaf area under T_(2)C_(2)combination from flowering-fruit setting stage to fruiting stage,with the leaf dry matter accumulation of T_(2)C_(2)I_(3)at fruiting stage was 47.5%higher than the value in T_(2)C_(2)I_(1)at the same period.I_(2)irrigation level promoted the accumulation of stem dry matter under T_(2),with the stem dry matter mass in T_(2)C_(2)I_(2)treatment at the fruiting stage being 33.3%higher than that in T_(2)C_(2)I_(1)treatment during the same period.I_(2)enhanced root growth across various environments,and T_(1)C_(2)I_(2)was recorded the maximum root dry matter accumulation,exceeding the minimum observed in T_(2)C_(1)I_(1)by 106.8%at the fruiting stage.Temperature and irrigation significantly affected all quality indexes.Under the T_(2)C_(1)I_(1)combination,the contents of total soluble solids,acidity,soluble protein,total soluble sugar and vitamin C were the highest,with its total soluble sugar content being 61.1%higher than that of the T_(1)C_(1)I_(3)combination.T_(1)C_(2)I_(3)achieved the highest yield,which was 124.8%higher than that of the T_(2)C_(1)I_(1)treatment.Moreover,the I_(2)irrigation level enhanced irrigation water use efficiency under the T_(2)and C_(1)environmental conditions.Path analysis indicated that the net photosynthetic rate at seedling stage had the greatest contribution to yield among the net photosynthetic rates at different growth stages,with a path coefficient of 0.539.Stem dry matter accumulation during the flowering-fruit setting stage and fruiting stage had the greatest contributions to lycopene and total soluble sugar content,with direct path coefficients of-0.695 and-0.660,respectively.【Conclusions】Elevated temperature is detrimental to plant growth and dry matter accumulation from the seedling stage to the floweringfruit setting stage of tomato,and it is also unfavorable for yield formation.However,elevated temperature combined with mild drought could enhance the resistance and fruit quality of tomatoes.Under the future environmental trends of rising temperature and CO_(2)concentration,increasing the irrigation levels is a necessary means to fully utilize environmental factors and enhance the benefits of greenhouse-cultivated crops.
作者
贺代伟
杨泰国
徐思涵
王俊星
赵亚鑫
高航
张智
HE Dai-wei;YANG Tai-guo;XÜSi-han;WANG Jun-xing;ZHAO Ya-xin;GAO Hang;ZHANG Zhi(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期1805-1818,共14页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
陕西省重点研发项目(2024NC-ZDCYL-05-08,2024NC-GJHX-29)
现代农业产业体系专项(CARS-23-D06)
西安市科技计划项目(21NYYF0031)。
关键词
樱桃番茄
温度
CO_(2)浓度
灌水量
产量
果实品质
cherry tomatoes
temperature
CO_(2)concentration
irrigation amount
yield
fruit quality
