摘要
以西兰花为试材,采用全覆膜大田种植方式,设置5个尾菜还田水平(CK:不还田;T1:28.96 t·hm^(-2);T2:57.92 t·hm^(-2);T3:86.88 t·hm^(-2);T4:115.84 t·hm^(-2)),通过测定0~20 cm土层土壤水热状况、土壤结构、土壤酸碱度和土壤养分含量以及西兰花维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、亚硝酸盐和产量,探究不同尾菜还田量对土壤质量和西兰花品质和产量的影响,以期为推动西北干旱区蔬菜产地尾菜资源化利用提供参考依据。结果表明:1)尾菜还田各处理显著影响土壤温度及含水量,且随着还田量的增加而升高。土壤容重随着还田量的增加呈现先降低后增长的趋势,土壤孔隙度与之相反;2)土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮含量随着还田量的增加而升高,其中,还田75 d时(西兰花采收期),与CK相比,尾菜还田处理分别提高了1.64%~9.74%、14.66%~29.68%、17.29%~34.22%、46.73%~56.70%、6.33%~19.60%;3)随着尾菜还田量的增加,西兰花品质和产量呈现先增长后降低的趋势。西兰花维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和产量与CK相比分别提高了14.70%~22.22%、34.00%~41.44%、11.41%~14.59%、23.70%~45.02%。当还田量达到115.84 t·hm^(-2)(T4)时,西兰花品质及产量明显降低。研究表明,尾菜还田在改善旱区土壤质量具有积极作用,并且显著提高了西兰花品质和产量,但并非还田量越多越好,还田量过多时则会导致西兰花品质及产量下降,其中以T3处理(还田量86.8 t·hm^(-2))提高西兰花品质和产量效果最佳。
Taking broccoli as the experimental material,the field planting method with full film mulching was adopted,and five levels of vegetable waste returning to the field were set(CK,no vegetable waste returning to the field;T1,28.96 t·hm^(-2);T2,57.92 t·hm^(-2);T3,86.88 t·hm^(-2);T4,115.84 t·hm^(-2)).By measuring the soil water and heat conditions,soil structure,soil pH,soil nutrient content,as well as the vitamin C,soluble sugar,soluble protein,nitrite content and yield of broccoli,the effects of different amounts of vegetable waste returning to the field on soil quality,the quality and yield of broccoli were explored,in order to provide reference for promoting the resource utilization of vegetable waste in vegetable production areas in arid regions of Northwest China.The results showed that,1)each treatment of vegetable waste returning to the field significantly affected the soil temperature and water content,and both increased with the increasing of the amount of vegetable waste returning to the field.The soil bulk density showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase of the amount of vegetable waste returning to the field,while the soil porosity showed the opposite trend.2)The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available potassium,available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increased with the increase of the amount of vegetable waste returning to the field.Among them,at 75 days after vegetable waste returning to the field(the harvesting period of broccoli),compared with the CK treatment,the treatments of vegetable waste returning to the field increased by 1.64%-9.74%,14.66%-29.68%,17.29%-34.22%,46.73%-56.70%,and 6.33%-19.60%respectively.3)With the increase of the amount of vegetable waste returning to the field,the quality and yield of broccoli showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Compared with the CK,the vitamin C,soluble sugar,soluble protein content and yield of broccoli increased by 14.70%-22.22%,34.00%-41.44%,11.41%-14.59%,and 23.70%-45.02%respectively.When the amount of vegetable waste returning to the field reached 115.84 t·hm^(-2)(T4),the quality and yield of broccoli decreased significantly.The research showed that returning vegetable waste to the field had a positive effect on improving soil quality in arid areas and significantly improves the quality and yield of broccoli.However,it was not that the more the amount of vegetable waste returning to the field,the better.Excessive amount of vegetable waste returning to the field will lead to a decrease in the quality and yield of broccoli.Among them,the T3 treatment(the amount of vegetable waste returning to the field is 86.88 t·hm^(-2))had the best effect on improving the quality and yield of broccoli.
作者
吴雪
李纯斌
吴静
郑中
杨海兴
魏家亮
WU Xue;LI Chunbin;WU Jing;ZHENG Zhong;YANG Haixing;WEI Jialiang(College of Resources and Environment,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070;Yuzhong County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Lanzhou,Gansu 730100)
出处
《北方园艺》
北大核心
2025年第17期92-101,共10页
Northern Horticulture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31960631)。
关键词
尾菜还田
土壤质量
西兰花
品质
产量
tail vegetables returning to the field
soil quality
broccoli
quality
yield
