摘要
为研究秸秆覆盖对旱区土壤水分及马铃薯产量的影响,于2023年5-10月在甘肃省定西市灌溉试验站进行试验,以常规裸地无覆盖平作(CK)为对照,设置宽垄(SH70:垄宽0.6 m,沟宽0.4 m)、窄垄(SH30:垄宽0.3 m,沟宽0.4 m)和平作(DH)3种秸秆覆盖(秸秆覆盖厚度为0.1 m)栽培方式。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,秸秆覆盖显著提高马铃薯全生育期0~1.8 m土层平均土壤含水率6.74%~8.53%,提高各土层土壤贮水量1.97%~15.71%和土壤有效贮水量4.57%~22.32%,秸秆覆盖处理间增墒蓄水效果表现为SH70>SH30>DH。(2)与CK相比,秸秆覆盖显著提高降水对总耗水的贡献率1.63%~3.84%,降低马铃薯全生育期总耗水量18.52%~43.58%,显著降低播种期-开花期阶段耗水量19.43%~24.09%,该阶段耗水量和全生育期总耗水量均以DH降幅最大,显著提高开花期-淀粉积累期阶段耗水量3.93%~6.62%,以SH70增幅最大。(3)与CK相比,秸秆覆盖使马铃薯平均增产3115 kg·hm^(-2),以SH70增产效果最优,产量水分利用效率(WUE_(TY))和地下部生物量水分利用效率(WUE_(UBY))分别较CK显著提高14.17%~24.99%和63.07%~118.99%,产量与WUE_(TY)(r=0.98**)和生物量水分利用效率WUE_(BY)(r=0.92**)均呈极显著正相关关系。秸秆覆盖对土壤水分有一定改善作用,能使马铃薯增产,增产效果以SH70处理最优,因此,宽垄结合秸秆覆盖可作为西北旱区马铃薯增产的推荐方式。
In order to study the effect of straw mulching on soil moisture and potato yield in arid are-as,from May to October 2023,we carried out field experiments at the irrigation test station in Dingxi City,Gansu Province.Three straw mulching cultivation methods were set up:wide ridge(SH70:the width of the ridge is 0.6 m,and the width of the furrow is 0.4 m),narrow ridge(SH30:the width of the ridge is 0.3 m,and the width of the furrow is 0.4 m)and flat planting(DH)(straw mulching thickness is 0.1 m),and the experimental treatment of not covering anything on flat land(CK)was used as the control.The results showed that:(1)Compared with CK,straw mulching significantly in-creased the average soil moisture content of 0-1.8 m soil layer by 6.74%-8.53%during the whole growth period of potato,increased the soil water storage capacity of each soil layer by 1.97%-15.71%and the effective soil water storage capacity by 4.57%-22.32%.The effect of increasing and retaining soil moisture between straw mulching treatments was shown as SH70>SH30>DH.(2)Compared with CK,straw mulching significantly increased the contribution rate of precipitation to to-tal water consumption by 1.63%-3.84%and reduced the total water consumption of potato during the whole growth period by 18.52%-43.58%,and significantly reduced the water consumption from sowing period to flowering period by 19.43%-24.09%.The water consumption of the sowing-flow-ering stage and the total water consumption of the whole growth period of the DH treatment decreased the most,and straw mulching significantly increased the water consumption of potato from flowering period to starch accumulation period by 3.93%-6.62%,and the increase of SH70 was the largest.(3)Compared with CK,straw mulching increased the average yield of potato by 3115 kg per hectare,and SH70 increased the most yield.Compared with CK,straw mulching significantly increased the water use efficiency of tuber yield(WUE_(TY))by 14.17%-24.99%and the water use efficiency of under-ground biomass(WUE_(UBY))by 63.07%-118.99%,respectively.The yield was significantly positively correlated with WUE_(TY)(r=0.98**)and WUE_(BY)(r=0.92**).Straw mulching has a certain improve-ment effect on soil moisture,which can increase potato yield,and the effect of SH70 treatment is the best.Therefore,wide ridge combined with straw mulching can be used as a recommended way to in-crease potato yield in arid areas of Northwest China.
作者
董志香
崔循臻
陈蕙
白鹏军
董海霞
董伟军
刘晓峰
解泽宇
黄彩霞
DONG Zhixiang;CUI Xunzhen;CHEN Hui;BAI Pengjun;DONG Haixia;DONG Weijun;LIU Xiaofeng;XIE Zeyu;HUANG Caixia(College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dingxi Institute of Water Resources Science,Dingxi Gansu 743000,China;Water Conservancy Bureau of Wusu City,Wusu Xinjiang 833099,China)
出处
《西北农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期1791-1800,共10页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(24JRRA635)
甘肃省高等学校青年博士基金(2024QB-071)
研究生联合培养基地建设专项(GAU2023-002)
甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金(GAU-QDFC-2023-13)
甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RJ1020)。
关键词
秸秆覆盖
垄作
水分利用效率
马铃薯
Straw mulch
Ridge planting
Water use efficiency
Potato
