摘要
目的通过分析2014—2023年北京市哨点医院0~14岁人群食源性腹泻病例监测数据,为科学开展该人群食源性腹泻的防控与宣教提供参考依据。方法收集2014—2023年北京市36家哨点医院就诊的0~14岁人群食源性腹泻病例的基本信息、发病时间和饮食史等信息,采集粪便标本或肛拭子进行病原学检测,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果2014—2023年北京市哨点医院共监测0~14岁食源性腹泻病例7050例,男女性别比为1.56:1,病原阳性例数为1116例,阳性检出率为15.83%。2~<5岁组的病原检出率最高(23.11%);8月的病原检出率最高(20.84%);可疑暴露食品为水产动物及其制品(29.73%)、进食场所为零售店(35.48%)的病原检出率最高;在不同病原中,诺如病毒检出率最高(9.76%),其次是致泻大肠埃希氏菌(6.14%),2~<5岁人群沙门氏菌检出率和1~<2岁人群诺如病毒检出率显著高于其他年龄组,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2014—2023年北京市0~14岁人群食源性腹泻病例中2~<5岁人群是重点防控人群,夏季为重点防控季节,感染病原以诺如病毒和致泻大肠埃希氏菌为主,应有针对性地对儿童和青少年人群开展食品安全宣传教育,预防食源性疾病的发生。
Objective To analyze surveillance data on foodborne diarrhea cases among children aged 0-14 years from sentinel hospitals in Beijing(2014-2023),and to provide a scientific basis for developing targeted prevention meas-urements and health education interventions for this population.Methods Data were collected from 2014 to 2023 on food-borne diarrhea cases among children aged 0-14 years at 36 sentinel hospitals in Beijing,including demographic and clinical characteristics,date of illness onset,and dietary history.Stool specimens or rectal swabs were collected for pathogen identi-fication.Rates of pathogen detection were analyzed using x^(2) test or Fisher's exact probability method.Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 7050 foodborne diarrhea cases among children aged 0-14 years were found in sentinel hospitals in Bei-jing,with 1116 positive cases(15.83%)and a male-to-female ratio of 1.56∶1.The group aged 2 to 5 years old exhibited the highest pathogen detection rate(23.11%),while August was the peak month for pathogen positivity(20.84%).High-risk exposures included aquatic animal products(29.73%)and retail food establishments(35.48%).Norovirus had the highest detection rate(9.76%),followed by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(6.14%).Notably,the detection rate of Salmonella was significantly higher in group aged 2 to 5 years old,and norovirus predominated in group aged 1 to 2 years old.All the above differences were statically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion From 2014 to 2023,surveillance data from Beijing revealed that children aged 2 to 5 years old are the key population for targeted prevention and control of foodborne diarrhea,with summer being the critical season for heightened intervention.The predominant pathogens identified were Norovirus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli,highlighting the urgent need for age-specific food safety education cam-paigns aimed at children and adolescents.
作者
王超
牛彦麟
王同瑜
吴阳博
姜金茹
马晓晨
WANG Chao;NIU Yan-lin;WANG Tong-yu;WU Yang-bo;JIANG Jin-ru;MA Xiao-chen(Bejing Center for Disease Control and Prerention,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《中国健康教育》
北大核心
2025年第8期753-756,766,共5页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
关键词
哨点医院
食源性疾病
腹泻
0~14岁
监测
北京
Sentinel hospital
Foodborne diarrhea
Diarrhea
O-14 years old
Surveillance
Beijing
