摘要
目的 系统评估聊城市动物诊疗机构放射防护现状,识别管理薄弱环节,为规范动物放射诊疗行为提供依据。方法 采用普查设计,通过标准化问卷收集放射防护管理、职业健康及诊疗行为数据;于2024年对聊城市全部47家配置放射诊疗设备的机构开展横断面研究。结果 47家机构均配置X射线摄片机(无CT设备),23.4%使用医用设备(含5台二手机)。所有机构均未执行“三同时”制度,12.8%未建立防护档案,21.3%未申报职业病危害。动物医院与动物诊所比较,放射工作人员参加防护培训的比例(100%vs. 50.0%)、个人剂量监测率(92.3%vs. 55.3%)及职业健康检查率(100%vs. 39.5%),动物医院显著优于动物诊所(均P<0.05)。87.2%的机构存在宠物主人滞留机房现象(仅68.1%佩戴防护用品),所有机构均存在保定人员肢体受照射情况。工作人员放射防护相关知识缺乏。防护检测虽全部达标,但医用设备辐射值中位数(0.48μSv/h)显著高于动物专用设备(0.15μSv/h)。结论 聊城市动物诊疗机构呈现“医院优于诊所”的现象,突出问题表现为二手设备合规性风险、非职业人员暴露及防护认知不足。建议强化设备来源监管、推广动物专用保定装置、规范宠物主人滞留机房程序并开展定向培训。
Objective To systematically assess the current status of radiation protection in veterinary diagnostic and treatment institutions in Liaocheng City,identify weaknesses in management,and provide a basis for standardizing veterinary radiological diagnostic and treatment.Methods A census-based design was employed.Data on radiation protection management,occupational health,and diagnostic and treatment practices were collected using standardized questionnaires.A crosssectional study was conducted in 2024 involving all 47 veterinary institutions equipped with radiological diagnostic and treatment devices in Liaocheng City.Results All 47 institutions were equipped with X-ray radiography units(no CT scanners),with 23.4%using medical-grade equipment(including 5 second-hand units).None of the institutions implemented the“three-synchronization”system,12.8%lacked radiation protection records,and 21.3%failed to declare occupational disease hazards.Compared with veterinary clinics,veterinary hospitals demonstrated significantly superior performance in three key radiation protection metrics:the proportion of radiology staff receiving radiation protection training(100%vs.50.0%),individual dose monitoring compliance(92.3%vs.55.3%),and occupational health examination rate(100%vs.39.5%)(all P<0.05).Moreover,87.2%of institutions allowed pet owners to remain in the examination room,of whom only 68.1%wore protective gear,and all institutions reported radiation exposure to the limbs of animal restrainers.Staff demonstrated inadequate knowledge of radiation protection.Although all radiation protection tests met standards,the median radiation level from medical-grade equipment(0.48μSv/h)was significantly higher than that from veterinary-specific equipment(0.15μSv/h).Conclusion Veterinary diagnostic and treatment institutions in Liaocheng City exhibited a pattern of“hospitals superior to clinics”.Prominent issues included compliance risks associated with second-hand equipment,radiation exposure to non-occupational personnel(owners and restrainers),and insufficient radiation protection knowledge.Recommendations include strengthening oversight of equipment sources,promoting specialized animal restraint devices,standardizing procedures for pet owner presence in examination rooms,and implementing targeted training programs.
作者
李敏
窦玉梅
LI Min;DOU Yumei(Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Liaocheng 252000,China)
出处
《中国辐射卫生》
2025年第4期494-499,共6页
Chinese Journal of Radiological Health
关键词
动物诊疗机构
辐射防护
职业健康
Veterinary diagnostic and treatment institutions
Radiation protection
Occupational health
