摘要
加强新时代农村教师队伍建设,有助于促进义务教育优质均衡发展,实现共同富裕。本文以中国农村义务教育阶段学校教师特设岗位计划的实施为准自然实验,识别其对农村人力资本水平的影响。结果表明:第一,特岗教师计划的实施对农村人力资本水平具有积极效应,对个体受教育年限以及是否获得高中程度学历均有显著的正向影响。每派遣一次特岗教师,将会使项目县(市、区)农村学生受教育年限增加0.18年、获得高中程度学历的概率增加3.5%。第二,特岗教师计划的实施具有明显的益贫效应,位于原国家级贫困县、家庭经济相对贫困的个体受特岗教师计划实施的影响更大;同时,特岗教师计划可显著提升代际流动性,父母受教育程度更低、父母工资收入更低的个体,其人力资本水平的提升效应越明显。第三,在作用机制方面,特岗教师计划主要通过提高师生比和提高教师学历的方式提升农村学生的人力资本水平。本文从教育供给侧结构性改革中的农村教师资源投入视角出发,相应结论能为中国义务教育优质均衡发展与农村人力资本积累提供经验证据。
The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)has identified improving the mechanism for promoting high-quality and balanced compulsory education as the direction of educational reform.In terms of high-quality and balanced compulsory education,the balanced distribution of high-quality teachers is particularly important.This paper takes the implementation of the Special Program for Recruiting Teachers to Rural Compulsory Education Schools in 2006 as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the 2015 National 1%Sample Population Survey data to explore how this policy affects rural human capital.Theoretically,on the one hand,the special post teacher program directly improves the teaching quality in rural schools by introducing teachers with bachelor's degrees or above.The systematic teaching of special post teachers can enhance academic performance;open guidance of special post teachers can stimulate learning interest and improve the classroom atmosphere;and the localized background of teachers can reduce the sense of distance in education at a higher level.On the other hand,the special post teacher program increases the teacher-student ratio in rural schools in the central and westen regions,effectively reducing the burden on teachers and allowing them to focus more on teaching improvement and knowledge update,thereby enhancing teaching quality and boosting students'confidence.Additionally,the increase in the teacher-student ratio enables teachers to have more energy for individualized tutoring,which is conducive to improving the overal learning environment.The empirical results are as follows.First,the special post teacher program has a positive effect on the human capital in rural areas,with significant positive impacts on both the years of education received by individuals and the probability of obtaining senior high school education Second,the special post teacher program has obvious pro-poor effects,with individuals from the original national-level poverty-stricken counties and those from relatively poor family backgrounds being more affected by the program.Additionally,the program can significantly enhance intergenerational mobility,with the improvement in human capital being more pronounced for individuals whose parents have lower educational attainment and lower income.Third,in terms of the mechanisms,it is verified that the special post teacher program mainly improves the human capital of students by increasing the teacher-student ratio and the educational qualifications of teachers.The policy implications of this paper are as follows.First,it is necessary to strengthen the coordination and integration of the special post teacher program with other educational policies to avoid duplicate resource investment.Second,it is necessary to implement better teacher treatment guarantee measures to optimize the teacher structure.Third,it is necessary to stimulate the innovative vitality of the program and explore an educational and teaching system that suits local conditions to enhance the endogenous development momentum of rural education.The conclusions provide empirical evidence for the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the accumulation of rural human capital in China.
作者
王轩
郭晨阳
WANG Xuan;GUO Chenyang(School of Public Finance and Management,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics,Xiamen University)
出处
《中国农村经济》
北大核心
2025年第9期108-126,共19页
Chinese Rural Economy
基金
云南财经大学科学研究基金项目“义务教育阶段教师资源空间优质均衡对人力资本的影响”(编号:2024D01)。
关键词
特岗教师计划
义务教育优质均衡
人力资本水平
Special Post Teacher Program
High-Quality and Balanced Compulsory Education
Human Capital
