摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同陈化小麦(SW)水平对22~42日龄仔鹅生长性能及小肠免疫性能的影响。将扬州鹅公雏饲喂到21日龄后,从中挑选了432只体重均匀且接近(1027.83±0.41)g的1日龄试验鹅,并将其随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。各组饲粮中SW替代玉米的比例分别为0、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%,对应饲粮中SW水平依次为0(SW0组)、12.4%(SW12组)、24.8%(SW25组)、37.2%(SW37组)、49.6%(SW50组)和62.0%(SW62组)。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与SW0组相比,添加SW对体增重无显著影响(P>0.05),但与SW12组和SW37组相比,SW50组和SW62组体增重显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与SW0组相比,其他试验组血清中二胺氧化酶、内毒素及D-乳酸含量均显著或极显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);SW37组肠黏膜闭锁小带蛋白-1的基因相对表达量极显著提高(P<0.05),闭合蛋白的基因相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05),SW50组封闭蛋白2基因相对表达量极显著下调(P<0.01)。3)随饲粮SW水平的增加,肠黏膜免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M含量呈极显著线性增加(P<0.01);与SW0组相比,其他试验组肠黏膜白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-2的含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),SW37组白细胞介素-10含量极显著降低(P<0.01);SW37组肠黏膜白细胞介素-2的基因相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与SW0组相比,其他试验组肠黏膜谷胱甘肽含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著降低(P<0.01),丙二醛含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综上所述,在未添加酶制剂的情况下,仔鹅饲养前期(22~42日龄)饲粮中SW替代玉米过多(超过≥80%或饲粮中水平≥49.6%)可能通过引起肠道通透性的增加、肠道免疫功能和抗氧化性能下降,破坏肠道屏障稳定性,造成仔鹅生长性能下降。在生产中,建议22~42日龄仔鹅饲粮中SW水平不超过37%,在更小的日龄仔鹅饲粮中SW的水平可进一步下调以保证仔鹅健康生长。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of dietary stored wheat(SW)on growth performance and small intestinal immune performance in 22 to 42-day-old goslings.After feeding the male chicks to 21 days of age,432 one-day-old experimental geese with uniform body weight and close to(1027.83±0.41)g were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 geese per replicate.The proportion of SW replacing maize in diets of each group was 0,20%,40%,60%,80%and 100%,respectively.The corresponding dietary SW levels were 0(SW0 group),12.4%(SW12 group),24.8%(SW25 group),37.2%(SW37 group),49.6%(SW50 group)and 62.0%(SW62 group).The experiment lasted for 21 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the SW0 group,dietary SW inclusion had no significant effect on body weight gain(BWG)(P>0.05).However,BWG in SW50 and SW62 groups was significantly lower than that in SW12 and SW37 groups(P<0.05).2)Compared with SW0 group,the contents of diamine oxidase,endotoxin and D-lactic acid in the serum of other experimental groups were significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The relative expression of zonula occludens-1 gene in SW37 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the relative expression of Occludin gene was significantly increased(P<0.05).The relative expression of tight junction protein-2 gene in SW50 group was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).3)With the increase of dietary SW level,the contents of immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in intestinal mucosa increased extremely significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the SW0 group,the contents of interleukin-1βand interleukin-2 in the intestinal mucosa of the other experimental groups were significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the content of interleukin-10 in the SW37 group was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).The relative gene expression of interleukin-2 in the intestinal mucosa of the SW37 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the SW0 group,the glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity in the intestinal mucosa of the other experimental groups were extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the malondialdehyde content was significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In conclusion,in the absence of enzyme preparation,excessive replacement of maize by SW in the early feeding period(22 to 42 days of age)may cause the increase of intestinal permeability,the decrease of intestinal immune function and antioxidant performance,destroy the stability of intestinal barrier,and lead to the decline of growth performance of offspring geese.In production,it is recommended that the level of SW in the diet of geese aged 22 to 42 days should not exceed 37%,and the level of SW in the diet of geese can be further reduced to ensure the healthy growth of geese.
作者
秘淑彤
杨永磊
胥蕾
蔡乾坤
杨芷
杨海明
王志跃
BEI Shutong;YANG Yonglei;XU lei;CAI Qiankun;YANG Zhi;YANG Haiming;WANG Zhiyue(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Yangzhou University Agricultural Science and Technology Development Research Institute,Yangzhou 225009,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期5956-5969,共14页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
财政部和农业农村部-国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-42-11)
江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(JATS[2023]453)
扬州大学大学生科创基金(XCX20230700,XCX20240781)。
关键词
鹅
陈化小麦
免疫性能
肠道通透性
肠道健康
geese
stored wheat
immune performance
intestinal permeability
intestinal health
