摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中使用不同水平发酵饲料对蛋鸡产蛋性能、消化道组织形态、食糜消化酶活性和盲肠微生物的影响。选用40周龄海兰褐蛋鸡360只,随机分成3组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂含有5%和10%发酵饲料的试验饲粮。试验期12周。结果表明:1)各组之间蛋鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重、日均蛋重、平均日采食量和料蛋比均差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)5%和10%发酵饲料组肌胃重量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),10%发酵饲料组肌胃相对重量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)5%发酵饲料组空肠绒毛高度以及10%发酵饲料组空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)5%和10%发酵饲料组空肠食糜脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)10%发酵饲料组盲肠微生物的Observed species指数和Shannon指数均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。在门水平上,10%发酵饲料组盲肠变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)相对丰度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),盲肠放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)相对丰度极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),盲肠互养菌门(Synergistota)和Verrucomicrobiota相对丰度显著高于5%发酵饲料组(P<0.05)。6)5%发酵饲料组中起重要作用的微生物类群集中在瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae),10%发酵饲料组中起重要作用的微生物类群集中在阿克曼菌科(Akkermansiaceae)。由此可见,饲粮使用发酵饲料改善了蛋鸡的空肠组织形态,提高了空肠消化酶活性,增加了盲肠微生物区系的物种丰富度、多样性指数和有益微生物数量。综合分析,建议产蛋高峰期后蛋鸡饲粮中发酵饲料的使用水平为10%。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary different supplemental levels of fermented feed on laying performance,intestinal morphology,digesta digestive enzyme activities and cecal microbiota of laying hens.A total of 360 Hy-Line brown laying hens at 40 weeks of age were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates per group and 15 hens per replicates.Hens in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet,and others in experimental groups were fed experimental diets containing 5%and 10%fermented feed,respectively.The experiment lasted for 12 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)there were no significant differences in laying rate,average egg weight,daily average egg weight,average daily feed intake and feed to egg ratio among all groups(P>0.05).2)The gizzard weight of 5%and 10%fermented feed groups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the gizzard relative weight of 10%fermented feed group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).3)The villus height in jejunum of 5%fermented feed group and the villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio in jejunum of 10%fermented feed group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).4)The jejunal digesta lipase activity of 5%and 10%fermented feed groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).5)The Observed species index and Shannon index of cecal microbiota of 10%fermented feed group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01).At the phyla level,the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota in cecum of 10%fermented feed group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01),the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in cecum was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01),and the relative abundances of Synergistota and Verrucomicrobiota in cecum were significantly higher than those of 5%fermented feed group(P<0.05).6)The microbial groups that played an important role in 5%fermented feed group were concentrated in the Ruminococcaceae,and in the 10%fermented feed group were concentrated in the Akkermansiaceae.In conclusion,the use of fermented feed in the diet can improve the jejunal morphology of laying hens,enhance the jejunal digestive enzyme activity,and increase the species richness,diversity index and beneficial microorganisms’numbers.Comprehensive analysis,it is recommended to use fermented feed at a level of 10%in diet for laying hens after the laying peak period.
作者
卢建
郭伟
张欣
杨晓东
王强
马猛
李永峰
邵丹
童海兵
曲亮
LU Jian;GUO Wei;ZHANG Xin;YANG Xiaodong;WANG Qiang;MA Meng;LI Yongfeng;SHAO Dan;TONG Haibing;QU Liang(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences,Yangzhou 225125,China;Xianglong Poultry Development Co.,Ltd.Of Yangzhou,Yangzhou 225261,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期5863-5876,共14页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]104)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-40-K01)。
关键词
发酵饲料
蛋鸡
小肠组织形态
消化酶
肠道微生物
fermented feed
laying hens
intestinal morphology
digestive enzymes activity
intestinal microbiota
