摘要
水生蔬菜是我国特色农业的重要组成部分,2024年种植面积达91.8万hm^(2),年产值约1100亿元。然而,其生产长期依赖人工,面临劳动强度大、效率低、机械化程度不足等挑战。本文对国内外水生蔬菜生产机具研究使用和作业情况进行了系统梳理,重点阐述了莲藕、荸荠、芋头、菱角、藜蒿和茭白等主要水生蔬菜全程机械化技术与装备研发概况,同时指出存在农机农艺融合不足、产业链技术薄弱、智能化水平低等发展瓶颈,并提出未来需强化政策支持、构建标准化生产体系、推动机艺融合、发展智能装备等对策建议,以促进产业规模化与高质量发展。
Aquatic vegetables are an important component of China's specialty agriculture,with a cultivated area reaching 0.918 million hectares and an annual output value of approximately 110 billion yuan in 2024.However,their production has long relied on manual labor,facing challenges such as high labor intensity,low efficiency and insufficient mechanization.This paper systematically reviews the research,application,and operational status of machinery for aquatic vegetable production both domestically and internationally.It focuses on the development of full mechanization technologies and equipment for major aquatic vegetables such as lotus root(Nelumbo nucifera),water chestnut(Eleocharis dulcis),taro(Colocasia esculenta),water caltrop(Trapa spp.),Artemisia selengensis and water bamboo(Zizania latifolia).Concurrently,it identifies existing bottlenecks,including inadequate integration of agricultural machinery with agronomic practices,weak technological support across the industrial chain and low levels of intelligence.The paper proposes countermeasures for the future,such as strengthening policy support,establishing standardized production systems,promoting the integration of machinery and agronomic practices,and developing intelligent equipment.These measures aim to foster the scale and high-quality development of the industry.
作者
张国忠
刘婉茹
刘浩蓬
唐楠锐
康启新
兰凌霄
ZHANG Guozhong;LIU Wanru;LIU Haopeng;TANG Nanrui;KANG Qixin;LAN Lingxiao(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《蔬菜》
2025年第9期117-129,共13页
Vegetables
基金
国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系专项资助项目(CARS-24-D-02)
湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划(T201934)
湖北省农机装备补短板核心技术应用攻关项目(HBSNYT202218)。
关键词
水生蔬菜
机械化
装备
莲藕
荸荠
菱角
藜蒿
茭白
aquatic vegetable
mechanization
equipment
lotus root
water chestnut
water caltrop
Artemisia selengensis
water bamboo
