摘要
欧盟发布新规要求入欧电池根据其核算规则申明碳足迹,而该要求对全球锂离子电池产业竞争格局的影响尚不明确。研究以纯电动乘用车锂离子电池为研究对象,剖析锂离子电池碳足迹全球区域差异,并以情景分析揭示中国在其核算体系下面临的额外碳排放和环境成本。结果显示,锂离子电池生命周期碳足迹中约47.3%来自电力。若引用欧盟数据库中中国电力碳足迹(全生命周期),中国锂离子电池的碳足迹将远高于其他国家,到2025年,中国将因此额外承担23.3万t碳排放和1.8亿元环境成本。如果供应链追溯有合规性问题,中国还将额外承担121.8万t碳排放和9.4亿元环境成本。中国应加快电力碳足迹核算,建设电池碳排放数据库,探索绿电直供模式,以增强中国电池企业国际竞争力。
This study is based on the European Union's(EU)guidelines for calculating the carbon footprint of electric vehicle batteries.It focuses on Lithium-Ion Batteries(LIBs)used in electric passenger vehicles,creating“cradle-to-grave”environmental impact assessment inventories for LIBs across different countries.The study also provides a detailed analysis of the global regional differences in the carbon footprint of LIBs.Through scenario analysis,the study identifies the potential additional carbon emissions and environmental costs that China may encounter under the EU's accounting framework.The findings reveal that approximately 47.3%of the lifecycle carbon footprint of LIBs arises from electricity consumption during production and usage.When using the EU database's lifecycle carbon emission factors for Chinese electricity,the carbon footprint of LIBs in China is 37.7%to 39.6%higher than that of the European Union,24.3%to 25.7%higher than that of the United States,and 12.9%to 15.7%higher than that of Japan and South Korea.Even when considering the actual carbon emission factor of electricity in China,the carbon footprint of Chinese batteries remains 4.8%to 8.4%higher than that of Japan and South Korea.Projections indicate that by 2025,this difference will result in an additional 0.23 Mt of carbon emissions and an environmental cost of 179.3 million CNY for China.While battery recycling can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of LIBs,compliance challenges within the supply chain are expected to lead to an additional 1.22 Mt of carbon emissions and an environmental cost of 937.6 million CNY for China by 2025.To address these challenges,China must accelerate the accounting of electricity carbon emission factors,establish a comprehensive lifecycle carbon emission database for batteries,and actively explore direct green power supply models.These measures will not only help China tackle the current carbon issues in the LIB industry but also enhance its international competitiveness in the global LIB market.
作者
刘巍
刘敏
张明月
潘鑫
张倩
张明雪
马腾云
LIU Wei;LIU Min;ZHANG Mingyue;PAN Xin;ZHANG Qian;ZHANG Mingxue;MA Tengyun(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期3352-3361,共10页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52170182)。
关键词
环境科学技术基础学科
锂离子电池
欧盟新电池法
碳足迹
环境成本
basic disciplines of environmental science and technology
lithium-ion battery
EU batteries and waste batteries regulation
carbon footprint
environmental cost
