摘要
水分特征曲线表示了含水状态与基质吸力的非线性变化规律,是刻画非饱和多孔介质水力行为的本构关系之一。然而,目前沥青混合料的水分特征曲线大多基于宏观孔隙特征的几何相似性假设,借用路基土等颗粒材料的经典经验模型予以描述,其合理性尚需充分实证,也无法用于准确模拟沥青路面的非饱和渗流现象。为了厘清对沥青混合料非饱和状态物质属性和行为特性的首要问题——水分特征曲线的最新认识,从多孔介质的普遍性出发,围绕非饱和沥青混合料水分特征曲线的形式、机制和模型等方面综述了国内外学者的主要研究成果。首先,梳理沥青混合料水分特征曲线的基本形式,探讨了沥青混合料含水量/饱和度-吸力关系的分布模态和水力滞回特点;其次,详细归纳材料属性和关键环境效应对沥青混合料水分特征曲线的作用规律,总结了控制沥青混合料水分特征曲线形成的内在机制;在此基础上,分类评述了一般多孔介质水分特征曲线的静态和动态等多种数学模型,结合边界约束条件给出了表征沥青混合料完整水分特征曲线的数学模型;最后,指出非饱和沥青混合料水分特征曲线的研究当前仍处在持续完善阶段,建议未来发展需要向多尺度、精准化方向探索,建立全吸力范围、高观测精度、多环境耦合的水分特征曲线测试技术和方法,揭示广义加载条件下水分特征曲线的响应规律,构建全吸力范围内反映孔隙分布及其演化过程的广义水分特征曲线模型,提升复杂环境下沥青路面真实服役状态评估的可靠度。
The water retention curve(WRC)characterizes the nonlinear relationship between the moisture content and matric suction,serving as a constitutive relationship that defines the hydraulic behavior of unsaturated porous media.However,current WRC models for asphalt mixtures predominantly rely on the assumption of geometric similarity in macroscopic pore characteristics,adopting classical empirical models developed for granular materials such as subgrade soils.The rationality of this approach requires thorough empirical validation,and it isdifficult to accurately simulate the unsaturated seepage phenomena in asphalt pavements.Thisstudy clarified the current understanding of WRC,the primary problem concerning the materialproperties and behavioral characteristics of asphalt mixtures under unsaturated conditions.Regarding porous media universality,domestic and international research achievements regardingthe form, mechanisms, and modeling of WRC for unsaturated asphalt mixtures werecomprehensively reviewed.First,the fundamental forms of WRC in asphalt mixtures weresystematically analyzed, focusing on the distribution patterns and hydraulic hysteresischaracteristics of the saturation-suction relationships.Subsequently,the effects of materialproperties and key environmental factors on the WRC of asphalt mixtures are summarized indetail,and the intrinsic mechanisms controlling the formation of the WRC in asphalt mixtures areexpounded.Accordingly,various mathematical models for the WRC of porous media,includingstatic and dynamic models,have been categorized and reviewed.A mathematical frameworkincorporating boundary constraints was proposed to characterize the complete WRC of an asphaltmixture.Finally,the research on the WRC of unsaturated asphalt mixtures is in the progressiverefinement stage. Future directions should emphasize multiscale and precision-orientedapproaches,including ① developing WRC testing technologies and methods that cover the fullsuction range,achieve high observational accuracy,and integrate multi-environmental coupling;② revealing WRC response mechanisms under generalized loading conditions;and ③ establishinga generalized WRC model that characterizes pore distribution and evolutionary processes acrossthe full suction range. This can improve the reliability of asphalt pavement performanceevaluations under complex environmental conditions.
作者
徐慧宁
卞新兴
XU Hui-ning;BIAN Xin-xing(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,Heilongjiang,China)
出处
《中国公路学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期187-214,共28页
China Journal of Highway and Transport
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB2602600)
国家自然科学基金项目(52278449)
黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD2023E003)
黑龙江省自然科学基金研究团队项目(TD2022E001)。
关键词
路面工程
非饱和沥青混合料
综述
水分特征曲线
数学模型
pavement engineering
unsaturated asphalt mixture
review
water retention curve
mathematical model
