摘要
日本的历史教科书编撰发行过程中,不只是右翼倾向的出版社,即使被视作比较客观、中肯的几家主流出版社,其记述内容亦存在对南京大屠杀史实的刻意掩盖、极力描述本国受害与尽量简化对他国施害的巨大反差,一言以蔽之,即受害者意识和加害者反省的“置换”与对基本史实的“遮掩”乃其根本特质。从出版界总体而言,即便处于中日友好氛围和战争反省意识高涨的上世纪七八十年代,对南京受害情况的描述也仅仅使用“据说”“被称为”“中国认为”等模糊用词。自九十年代后期开始,则把南京屠杀改为“南京事件”,删掉对死者身份的记述,蓄意淡化和弱化施害程度。关于杀害人数的表述,呈现“许多→大量(两家出版社使用了“巨大数量”一词)→20万→大量→许多”的变化过程。尤其是安倍晋三政权于2014年修改教科书审定基准之后,各社的相关记述内容不断被压缩,对所谓疑点、争论倒是废了不少笔墨,强调“死亡人数存在各种说法”,大搞文字游戏,将人们的注意力引向“人数不明”,试图通过所谓的各种见解、争论来掩盖侵略本质和残暴性,这与占据政坛主流的右倾舆论氛围和右倾保守势力所宣扬的“南京事件尚未定论”相契合。
Japan's history textbooks are published not only by right-wing publishers but also by several mainstream publishers regarded as more objective and pertinent,There is a great contrast between the deliberate covering up of the historical facts of the Nanjing Massacre,attempts to describe the victims as members of their own country,and simplification of the harm caused to other countries.Generally speaking,there are still many problems in the attitude of the publishing industry towards some basic historical facts.Even during periods of Sino-Japanese friendly relations and heightened awareness of war introspection,the description of the Nanjing victims uses only vague terms such as"it is said,""it is known"and"China believes."Since the late 1990s,the Nanjing massacre has been changed to"Nanjing Incident,"the description of the identity of the dead has been deleted,and the degree of harm has been deliberately diluted and weakened.The expression of the number of people killed shows a progression from"many"-→"a large quantity"(with two publishers using the term"huge quantity")→"200,000"→"a large quantity"→and finally to"many."In particular,after Shinzo Abe's administration revised the textbook review standards in 2014,the relevant accounts from various news agencies have been continuously compressed.It emphasizes that"there are various statements about the number of deaths"and draws people's attention to the"unknown number."Trying to cover up the nature of aggression and cruelty through so-called various opinions and arguments.This is consistent with the right-wing public opinion atmosphere occupying the mainstream of the political arena and the view advocated by the right-wing conservative forces that"the Nanjing incident has not been finalized."
作者
柯劲松
吴昊
Ke Jingsong;Wu Hao
出处
《中国文化研究》
北大核心
2025年第3期28-37,共10页
Chinese Culture Research
基金
吉林省高等教育教学改革重点课题(20224BR4C8S0024)
东北师范大学校内重点培育项目(2309116)的阶段性成果。
关键词
南京大屠杀
日本的历史教科书
历史教育
历史观
记述内容
Nanjing Massacre
Japanese history textbooks
history education
historical understanding
contents of the record
