摘要
针对载人航天器密封舱撞击泄漏场景,系统分析了多参数耦合作用对舱体泄漏演化规律的影响机制,构建了以保障航天员生命安全为核心的应急处置技术体系,提出了有限资源约束下实现密封舱压力控制与乘组生存保障的综合技术方案。研究通过理论建模与仿真分析表明:泄漏孔径是决定舱体失压速率的主导因素,当容积400m^(3)密封舱出现20mm直径漏孔时,以舱内总压0.05MPa为生存阈值,在轨应急处置窗口期最长可达9000s;若以氧气浓度19.5%为生存条件,则处置支持时间可延长至12000 s。研究创新地构建了多目标协同的应急决策模型,揭示了泄漏规模、资源分配与生存概率的量化关系,形成了分级响应策略,相关成果为航天器密封失效防护设计提供了理论支撑。
For the scenario of impact-induced leakage in manned spacecraft hermetic cabins,a comprehensive analysis is carried out to elucidate the coupling effects of multiple parameters on the cabin depressurization evolution mechanism.A multiobjective emergency response technical system is constructed,centering on ensuring astronauts’life safety,and a coordinated technical solution is proposed to achieve pressure controllability within the hermetic cabin and guarantee crew survival under limited resource constraints.Through theoretical modeling and simulation analysis,it is demonstrated that the leakage aperture is the dominant factor determining the cabin’s depressurization rate.When a 20 mm diameter breach occurs in a 400 m^(3)cabin,the maximum allowable duration for on-orbit emergency response is determined to be 9000 s when considering a total pressure survival threshold of 0.05 MPa,and this duration can be extended to 12000 s if the oxygen concentration survival limit of 19.5% is used as the criterion.An innovative multi-objective coordinated emergency decision-making model is established,revealing the quantitative relationships among leakage scale,resource allocation,and survival probability.A hierarchical response strategy is formulated,providing theoretical support for the design of spacecraft sealing failure protection systems,particularly concerning pressure maintenance protocols and resource allocation strategies during orbital emergencies.
作者
李伟
王震
侯永青
夏侨丽
骆子豪
LI Wei;WANG Zhen;HOU Yongqing;XIA Qiaoli;LUO Zihao(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;China Manned Space Engineering Office,Beijing 100034,China)
出处
《宇航学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期1297-1305,共9页
Journal of Astronautics
