摘要
基于携式排放测试系统(PEMS)、GPS、轴功率仪、温湿度计等仪器,构建船舶排放监测系统,探究了内河船舶实际二氧化碳(CO_(2))与大气污染物排放特征,实现对船舶营运过程中能耗数据和排放数据的高精度测量;基于所建立的船舶排放监测系统,开展实船测量试验,以内河3种主要类型的船舶为测试对象,收集案例船舶在实际运营过程中的能耗和排放数据;开展了船舶主机稳定工况试验,测量了主机负荷在25%、50%和75%下的稳定能耗和排放;基于采集的实船数据,利用碳平衡法计算船舶排放中气体的排放因子,并结合主机功率等数据,分析案例船舶实际CO_(2)和大气污染物的排放特征。分析结果表明:船舶在实际营运过程中大部分时间主机负荷处于50%以下,而这种长时间的低负荷航行状态是造成CO_(2)和大气污染物排放增加的主要原因;船舶在进港和离港时一氧化碳(CO)和CO_(2)基于功率的排放因子会高于巡航和机动;船舶主机处于稳定状态时,CO_(2)和大气污染物的排放与主机负荷和燃料类型显著相关,且随着主机负荷的增大而减小;而当主机处于相对较高且稳定负荷状态时,氮氧化物(NO_(x))的排放会减少。
A shipemission measurement system wasestablished using portable emissions measuring system(PEMS),global positioning system(GPS),shaft power meters,temperature and humidity sensors,and other instruments.The real-world characteristics of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and air pollutant emission from inland ships were investigated,enabling high-precision measurement of energy consumption and emission data during ship operation.Based on the constructed system,onboard measurement tests were conducted on three major types of inland ships.The energy consumption and emission data of the ships during operation were collected.The steady-state tests of the main ship engine were performed at load conditions of 25%,50%,and 75%to measure stable energy consumption and emissions.Based on the collected data,the emission factors of gases were analyzed with the carbon balance method.By combining the main engine power data,the characteristics of actual CO_(2) and air pollutant emissions from the ships were analyzed.Analysis results show that the main engine load of ships during operation is mostly below 50%.This prolonged low-load operation is the primary cause of increased CO_(2) and air pollutant emissions.The power-based emission factors for carbon oxide(CO)and CO_(2) are found to be higher during docking and departure than during cruising or maneuvering.When the main engine is in a steady state,the emission of CO_(2) and air pollutants is significantly related to engine load and fuel type and decreases with the higher engine load.At relatively high and stable engine load levels,nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))emissions are reduced.
作者
熊宇祺
范爱龙
严俊辉
张永波
XIONG Yu-qi;FAN Ai-long;YAN Jun-hui;ZHANG Yong-bo(State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,Hubei,China;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;Hubei Donghu Laboratory,Wuhan 430205,Hubei,China;CATARC Automotive Test Center(Tianjin)Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300300,China)
出处
《交通运输工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期393-406,共14页
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4300803)
水路交通控制全国重点实验室开放课题(QZ 2022-Y 015)
绿色智能内河船舶创新专项(MC-202002-C01)
科技部中国-克罗地亚科技合作委员会第10届例会人员交流项目(10-28)。
关键词
水路交通
排放特征
实船测试
船舶排放
排放因子
工况
waterway transportation
emission characteristic
onboardd measurement
ship emission
emission factor
working condition
