摘要
目的 了解重庆市沙坪坝区蚊种构成、季节消长规律及不同生境类型蚊密度,初步掌握三带喙库蚊抗药性水平,为流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)防控提供科学依据。方法 2020-2023年4-11月采用诱蚊灯法监测成蚊种类和密度;采用接触筒法对2023年野外采集的三带喙库蚊成蚊进行抗药性测定;SPSS 25.0软件用于统计分析,蚊种构成比较采用χ^(2)检验,方差齐性检验采用Levene检验,三带喙库蚊季节消长差异采用Friedman检验、密度差异采用一般线性模型单变量分析,密度与气象因素关系采用Spearman秩相关分析。结果 2020-2023年共捕获成蚊7 807只,其中三带喙库蚊2 248只,占总数的28.79%,蚊种构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2 374.187,P<0.001)。不同生境蚊种构成不同(χ^(2)=1 744.204,P<0.001),但三带喙库蚊在各类生境的构成比均排第2位。5-8月为三带喙库蚊密度高峰期,监测生境中以猪圈密度最高,为9.70只/(灯·夜),不同生境三带喙库蚊密度差异有统计学意义(F=165.370,P<0.001)。不同年份三带喙库蚊密度差异有统计学意义(F=100.009,P<0.001)。三带喙库蚊密度与月平均气温、降水量呈正相关(ρ=0.704,P<0.001;ρ=0.648,P<0.001)。三带喙库蚊成蚊对0.025%高效氯氰菊酯、0.025%溴氰菊酯、0.05%溴氰菊酯、0.25%氯菊酯、5%马拉硫磷、0.1%残杀威24 h死亡率分别为1.05%、8.42%、10.75%、18.75%、25.26%和91.49%。结论 重庆市沙坪坝区5-8月为三带喙库蚊密度高峰期,三带喙库蚊成蚊对菊酯类和有机磷类杀虫剂均产生了抗性,对氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂产生了可疑抗性,建议在高峰期前采用复配杀虫剂集中灭蚊,以延缓蚊虫抗药性,降低蚊密度,预防乙脑疫情发生。
Objective: To investigate the species composition, seasonal variation, and density of mosquitoes in different habitats in Shapingba District, Chongqing, China, and to preliminarily determine the insecticide resistance level of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis (JE). Methods: From April to November of each year in 2020-2023, the species and density of adult mosquitoes were monitored by the light trapping method. The insecticide resistance of adult Cx. tritaeniorhynchus collected in the wild in 2023 was determined using the WHO tube bioassay. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The comparison of mosquito species composition was conducted using Chi-square test, and the homogeneity of variance test was conducted using Levene test. The difference in seasonal variation of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was analyzed using Friedman test, and the density difference was analyzed using general linear model univariate analysis. The relationship between Cx. tritaeniorhynchus density and meteorological factors was analyzed using Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results: A total of 7 807 adult mosquitoes were captured in 2020-2023, including 2 248 (28.79%) Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. There was a significant difference in mosquito species composition (χ^(2)=2 374.187, P < 0.001) among different years. Although the mosquito species composition in different habitats was different (χ^(2)=1 744.204, P < 0.001), the composition ratio of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the second highest in all types of habitats. Peak density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus lasted from May to August. The highest density [9.70 mosquitoes/(lamps·night)] was monitored in pigsties. There was a significant difference in the density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus among different habitats (F=165.370, P < 0.001) and different years (F=100.009, P < 0.001). The density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was positively correlated with monthly mean temperature and precipitation (ρ=0.704, P < 0.001;ρ=0.648, P < 0.001). The 24 hours mortality rates of adult Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to 0.025% beta-cypermethrin, 0.025% deltamethrin, 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.25% permethrin, 5% malathion, and 0.1% propoxur were 1.05%, 8.42%, 10.75%, 18.75%, 25.26%, and 91.49%, respectively. Conclusions: The peak density period of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus is May to August in Shapingba District, Chongqing. The adult Cx. tritaeniorhynchus had developed resistance to both pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, as well as suspected resistance to carbamate insecticides. It is recommended to use compound insecticides for concentrated mosquito control before the peak activity period of mosquito to delay resistance, reduce mosquito density, and prevent the occurrence of JE.
作者
陶晓颖
姚婧
邵建超
陈鹏辉
涂涛田
Xiao-ying TAO;Jing YAO;Jian-chao SHAO;Peng-hui CHEN;Tao-tian TU(Public Health SectionⅡ/Immunization Program Management Department,Shapingba Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chongqing,Chongqing Public Health Key Specialty(Discipline)Project,Chongqing 400038,China;Department of Disinfection and Vector Contol,Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,The First Batch of Key Disciplines on Public Health in Chongqing,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic Microbes,Chongqing 400707,China;School of Public Health,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250012,China)
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
2025年第4期469-474,共6页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
基金
重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX1125)。
关键词
流行性乙型脑炎
三带喙库蚊
密度
抗药性
Japanese encephalitis
Culex tritaeniorhynchus
Density
Insecticide resistance
