摘要
近年来,我国生物育种技术研究与应用虽取得了长足发展,但在基础理论研究、核心技术开发及市场重大品种培育等方面仍有待突破。生物育种是现代生物种业创新的核心,通过科技手段对育种技术、方法和产品进行创新,可以提高作物产量、质量和适应性,满足不断增长的全球粮食需求并应对环境挑战。发达国家和国际巨头种业利用生物技术结合大数据信息、人工智能等,推动种业进入“种业4.0时代”智能时代,育种模式从“杂交选育”向“智能选育”转变。基于此,综述梳理了生物育种技术的发展历程、国内外生物育种产业的发展现状,总结了生物育种关键技术创新及应用,讨论了目前生物育种产业化存在的问题和面临的挑战,并展望了未来的发展趋势,以期为提升我国的生物育种创新能力和种业发展提供借鉴。
In recent years,China has achieved significant progress in the application of biological breeding technologies.However,there remains considerable scope for breakthroughs in basic theoretical research,core technology development,and market cultivation of major varieties.Biological breeding is a core driver of innovation in the modern bio-breeding industry,which innovates breeding techniques,methods,and products,thereby enhancing the yield,quality,and adaptability of crops.These improvements aim to meet the increasing global demand for food and address environmental challenges.Developed countries and international seed industry giants have integrated biotechnology with big data,artificial intelligence,and other cutting-edge technologies to propel the seed industry into the"Seed Industry 4.0"era,and the breeding mode is shifting from traditional"hybrid selection"to"intelligent selection and breeding".Based on this,the article reviewed the development history of biological breeding technology,the current status of the domestic and international biological breeding industry,summarized the innovation and application of key technologies in biological breeding,discussed the problems and challenges facing the industrialization of biological breeding,and looked forward to future development trends,in order to provide reference for enhancing China′s biological breeding innovation capabilities and seed industry development.
作者
徐振华
高世伟
高大伟
于艳敏
刘海英
武洪涛
张书利
孙忠义
王昕
闫平
XU Zhenhua;GAO Shiwei;GAO Dawei;YU Yanming;LIU Haiying;WU Hongtao;ZHANG Shuli;SUN Zhongyi;WANG Xin;YAN Ping(Biotechnology Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150028,China;Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heilongjiang Suihua 152052,China)
出处
《生物技术进展》
2025年第4期557-564,共8页
Current Biotechnology
基金
黑龙江省重点研发项目(创新基地)(J02023GJ04,J020238J29-1)
国家水稻产业技术体系“五常综合试验站”项目(CARS-01-54)
黑龙江省农业科学院创新工程项目(CX23ZD02)
黑龙江省农业科学院院级课题项目(CX23YQ15,2021YYYF053)。
关键词
生物育种
科技创新
种业
biological breeding
science and technology innovation
seed industry
