摘要
受气候变化与人类活动共同影响,鄱阳湖流域近年来呈现出枯水期延长、水文连通性下降、旱涝灾害频发等新型水文情势,改变了流域生态系统格局。本文重点分析旱涝灾害对鄱阳湖生态系统的影响以及成因和适应性对策。分析结果表明:气候变化背景下极端降水事件频次增加、江湖水力关系改变以及围垦等人类活动导致湖泊连通性变化共同加剧了流域水文节律失衡,致使鄱阳湖流域植被结构、候鸟分布、鱼类和底栖生物种类等发生深刻变化。提出了适应性对策:构建流域智慧化监测预警体系实现灾害风险动态感知,研发流域大模型和流域水生态系统动态调控模型保障关键期水位生态阈值,通过水位梯度调控与植被群落优化重建动植物生境,创新江湖联调机制提升水资源配置效能等。
Under the combined influence of climate change and human activities,the Poyang Lake Basin has recently exhibited new hydrological patterns,including prolonged dry seasons,reduced hydrological connectivity,and more frequent flood and drought events.These changes have significantly altered the regional ecosystem structure.This study focuses on analyzing the impacts of flood and drought disasters on the Poyang Lake ecosystem,as well as their causes and adaptive strategies.The results show that the increased frequency of extreme precipitation events under climate change,coupled with altered river-lake interactions and human activities such as land reclamation,has disrupted the natural hydrological rhythms of the basin.These disruptions have led to profound changes in vegetation structure,migratory bird distribution,and the diversity of fish and benthic organisms.In response,several adaptive strategies are proposed:developing an intelligent basin-wide monitoring and early warning system to enable dynamic disaster risk perception;creating a large-scale basin model and dynamic regulation models for aquatic ecosystems to ensure ecological water level thresholds during critical periods;restoring animal and plant habitats through water level gradient management and vegetation community optimization;and innovating river-lake joint regulation mechanisms to improve water resource allocation efficiency.
作者
夏军
薛颖
骆文广
王文宇澄
佘敦先
XIA Jun;XUE Ying;LUO Wenguang;WANG Wenyucheng;SHE Dunxian(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《水资源保护》
北大核心
2025年第5期11-21,共11页
Water Resources Protection
基金
江西省水利科学院委托项目(JXSKY ZHX KT2025001)
江西省重点研发项目(20252BCF320023)。
关键词
旱涝灾害
生态系统
鄱阳湖流域
适应性对策
flood and drought disasters
ecosystem
the Poyang Lake Basin
adaptive strategies
