摘要
目的探讨社会支持与学校联结对青少年自我效能感发展轨迹的影响,并分析其群组效应,为增强青少年自我效能感提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样法,于2023年10月(T1)、2024年4月(T2)、2024年10月(T3)选取湖南省湘西自治州4所中学930名在校初一学生进行3次追踪调查,使用自我效能感量表(GSES)、社会支持量表(SSS)、学校联结量表(SCS)进行问卷调查,运用潜变量增长混合模型(LGMM)分析青少年自我效能感的不同类别,采用多元Logistic回归分析青少年自我效能感发展轨迹与社会支持和学校联结的关联。结果青少年自我效能感发展轨迹分为3个类别,类别1为低效能-快速增长组(53名,6.6%),类别2为中效能-平稳增长组(793名,84.1%),类别3为高效能-快速下降组(84名,9.3%)。以低效能-快速增长组为参考,社会支持水平高的学生归为中效能-平稳增长组(OR=1.06,95%CI=1.03~1.08)和高效能-快速下降组(OR=1.06,95%CI=1.03~1.09)的概率大,学校联结水平高的学生归为高效能-快速下降组(OR=1.10,95%CI=1.03~1.18)的概率大(P值均<0.05)。以是否住宿分组,低效能-快速增长组自我效能感T1(t=2.10)与高效能-快速下降组社会支持(t=-2.15)均出现群组效应(P值均<0.05);以是否独生子女分组,中效能-平稳增长组自我效能感T2(t=2.05)出现群组效应(P<0.05)。结论青少年自我效能感发展轨迹具有群体异质性,住宿和独生子女在青少年自我效能感发展轨迹上存在群组效应。增强社会支持和学校联结有助于提高青少年自我效能感。
Objective To explore the influence of social support and school connectedness on the developmental trajectory of self-efficacy in adolescents and analyze its subgroup effects,so as to provide a basis for enhancing adolescents'self-efficacy.Methods Using a cluster random sampling method,930 first-year middle school students from four schools in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan Province,were selected for three longitudinal surveys in October 2023(T1),April 2024(T2),and October 2024(T3).The General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES),Social Support Scale(SSS),and School Connectedness Scale(SCS)were administered.Latent growth mixture modeling(LGMM)was used to identify different developmental trajectories of self-efficacy in early adolescence.Multivariate Logistic regression was employed to examine the associations of self-efficacy trajectories with social support and school connectedness in adolescents.Results The developmental trajectory of self-efficacy in adolescents was classified into three categories:category 1 was low efficacy-rapid growth group(53 students,6.6%),category 2 was moderate efficacy-stable growth group(793 students,84.1%),and category 3 was high efficacy-rapid decline group(84 students,9.3%).Using the low efficacy-rapid growth group as the reference,students with higher social support were more likely to belong to the moderate efficacy-stable growth group(OR=1.06,95%CI=1.03-1.08)and the high efficacy-rapid decline group(OR=1.06,95%CI=1.03-1.09),students with higher school connectedness were more likely to belong to the high efficacy-rapid decline group(OR=1.10,95%CI=1.03-1.18)(all P<0.05).Subgroup analysis revealed significant effects for boarding status(low efficacy-rapid growth group at T1,t=2.10;high efficacy-rapid decline group in social support,t=-2.15)and only-child status(moderate efficacy-stable growth group at T2,t=2.05)(all P<0.05).Conclusions The developmental trajectory of self-efficacy in adolescents exhibits group heterogeneity,with boarding status and only-child status showing subgroup effects.Enhancing social support and school connectedness can help improve self-efficacy in adolescents.
作者
颜楚琦
王澳伦
张天成
张福兰
罗湘豫
YAN Chuqi;WANG Aolun;ZHANG Tiancheng;ZHANG Fulan;LUO Xiangyu(College of Sports Science,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,Hunan Province,China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
北大核心
2025年第7期999-1004,共6页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
湖南省社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308)
湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)
吉首大学研究生校级科研课题(JGY24111)。
关键词
社会支持
学校联结
自我
精神卫生
回归分析
青少年
Social support
School connections
Ego
Mental health
Regression analysis
Adolescent
