摘要
目的基于“风险感知-效能评估-行为响应”理论框架,探讨重庆市高校学生高温健康风险感知与行为响应的群体异质性,为实施差异化健康干预提供科学依据。方法运用分层整群抽样法选取重庆市5所高校856名学生为研究对象,自编问卷收集数据。运用单因素方差分析和独立样本t检验分析个体差异,采用Pearson相关分析探究变量间相关性,多元线性回归分析影响因素,构建结构方程模型验证理论路径,利用Bootstrap法检验中介效应。结果在风险感知维度上,高校学生高温健康危害严重性评分[(3.28±0.89)分]高于易感性[(2.94±0.93)分];效能评估显示反应效能得分最高[(3.91±0.81)分];行为响应中适应行为[(5.43±2.75)分]最突出,应急准备行为[(2.71±1.33)分]最低;结构方程模型验证了“威胁评估→应对评估→行为响应”路径(χ^(2)/df=2.49,RMSEA=0.05),自我效能在威胁评估与行为响应间起完全中介作用,中介效应值为0.10(95%CI=0.02~0.19)。K-means聚类分析将研究对象划分为3类群体,其行为障碍核心因素分别为经济约束(22.3%)、动机缺乏(34.8%)、认知不足(34.1%)。结论大学生高温健康行为决策遵循“认知-评估-行动”的心理机制,自我效能是驱动行为转化的关键中介变量,需针对不同特征的群体实施精准化干预。
Objective Based on the theoretical framework of Risk Perception-Efficacy Appraisal-Behavioral Response,the study aims to explore the group heterogeneity in high-temperature health risk perception and behavioral responses among college students in Chongqing,so as to provide a scientific basis for implementing differentiated health interventions.Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 856 students from five universities in Chongqing.Data were collected using a validated questionnaire.One-way analysis of variance and independent samples t-test were used to analyze individual differences,Pearson correlation analysis was employed to examine relationships between variables,multiple linear regression was used to identify influencing factors,a structural equation model was constructed to validate the theoretical pathways,and the Bootstrap method was applied to test mediating effects.Results In the risk perception dimension,the severity score of high-temperature health hazards among college students(3.28±0.89)was higher than that of susceptibility score(2.94±0.93).Efficacy appraisal showed that the response efficacy score was the highest(3.91±0.81).In behavioral responses,adaptive behaviors were most prominent(5.43±2.75),while emergency preparedness behaviors were the lowest(2.71±1.33).The structural equation model validated the pathway of"threat appraisal→efficacy appraisal→behavioral response"(χ^(2)/df=2.49,RMSEA=0.05).Self-efficacy played a fully mediating role between threat appraisal and behavioral response,with a mediation effect value of 0.10(95%CI=0.02-0.19).K-means cluster analysis categorized the subjects into three groups,with the core barriers to behavior being economic constraints(22.3%),lack of motivation(34.8%),and insufficient cognition(34.1%),respectively.Conclusions Decision-making regarding high-temperature health behaviors among college students follows psychological pathway of"cognition-appraisal-action"with self-efficacy serving as a key mediating variable driving behavioral change.Targeted interventions should be implemented for groups with different characteristics.
作者
张倩
杨学森
罗勇军
ZHANG Qian;YANG Xuesen;LUO Yongjun(Department of Military Medical Geography,Logistics Training Base,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China;不详)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
北大核心
2025年第11期1554-1558,共5页
Chinese Journal of School Health
关键词
认知
行为
健康促进
回归分析
学生
Cognition
Behavior
Health promotion
Regression analysis
Students
