摘要
目的了解西安市狂犬病疫苗全程接种后狂犬病毒中和抗体水平及影响因素,为狂犬病防控的公共卫生决策和疫苗接种程序的制定提供科学依据。方法使用快速荧光灶抑制试验(rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test,RFFIT)对2022年在西安市犬伤门诊规范处置的1089例狂犬病暴露病例进行狂犬病毒中和抗体(Rabies virus neutralizing antibody,RVNA)滴度检测。对收集的RVNA滴度数据进行正态性检验,使用t检验和F检验等进行统计学分析。结果狂犬病暴露病例中RVNA阳性1081例,阳性率为99.27%。不同性别狂犬病暴露病例RVNA阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.617,P=0.432)。不同检测时间节点狂犬病暴露病例RVNA滴度均值差异有统计学意义(F=3.331,P=0.036)。狂犬病疫苗全程接种后14d组中,不同年龄组狂犬病暴露病例RVNA滴度均值差异有统计学意义(F=2.940,P=0.008);接种不同细胞基质疫苗的狂犬病暴露病例,二倍体组RVNA滴度均值高于非洲绿猴肾细胞(verda reno,Vero)组(t=2.002,P=0.046)。狂犬病首次暴露与二次暴露病例RVNA滴度均值差异有统计学意义(t=2.710,P=0.009)。使用“5针法”(Essen法)和“2-1-1”程序(Zagreb法)接种狂犬病疫苗的狂犬病暴露病例RVNA滴度均值差异无统计学意义(t=1.606,P=0.109)。结论RVNA检测时间、狂犬病暴露病例年龄、接种疫苗的细胞基质、Ⅲ级暴露病例是否注射被动免疫制剂、是否再次暴露等因素均会影响RVNA水平。建议50岁以上和免疫力低下人群在规范处置后14d进行RFFIT,以确定体内RVNA水平是否达到保护水平。
Objective To understand the levels of Rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and the influencing factors after the full vaccination with rabies vaccine in Xi'an City,and to provide a scientific basis for public sanitation decision making on the prevention and control of rabies and the formulation of vaccination procedures.Methods A rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test(RFFIT)was used to detect Rabies virus neutralizing antibody(RVNA)titers in 1089 cases of rabies exposure that were standardized disposal at the canine injury outpatient clinics in Xi'an City.Data collected on RVNA titers were performed to test of normality,and statistical analyses were performed using t-tests and F-tests etcetera.Results Of the rabies exposure cases,1081 cases were positive for RVNA,with a positive rate of 99.27%.There was no statistically significant difference in RVNA positivity rates between rabies exposure cases of different genders(χ^(2)=0.617,P=0.432).The mean RVNA titers rabies exposure cases at different testing time nodes were statistically different(F=3.331,P=0.036).In the 14-day group after full vaccination with rabies vaccine,the mean RVNA titers of rabies exposure cases in different age groups were statistically different(F=2.940,P=0.008).The mean value of RVNA titer was higher in the diploid group than in the African green monkey kidney cell group(verda reno,Vero)in rabies exposure cases vaccinated with different cell-matrix vaccines(t=2.002,P=0.046).The mean RVNA titers for first exposure and secondary exposure rabies cases were statistically significant difference(t=2.710,P=0.009).The mean RVNA titers of rabies exposure cases vaccinated with rabies vaccine using the"five-dose method"(Essen method)and the"2-1-1"programe(Zagreb method)were not statistically significant difference(t=1.606,P=0.109).Conclusion The time of RVNA detection,the age of rabies exposure cases,the cellular matrix of the vaccination,whether the class III exposed case received passive immunization preparations,and whether re-exposure occurred and other factors all affect RVNA levels.It will be recommended that people over 50 years old and immunocompromised people undergo RFFIT 14 days after standardizeddispositiontodeterminewhether theRVNAlevel inthebodyreachedaprotectivelevel.
作者
刘南
蒋卓澄
肖厚安
刘继锋
李倩
于立芬
李思瑶
王春娟
LIU Nan;JIANG Zhuocheng;XIAO Hou'an;LIU Jifeng;LI Qian;YU Lifen;LI Siyao;WANG Chunjuan(Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710061,China;不详)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2025年第9期879-883,888,共6页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
陕西省重点研发项目一般项目——社会发展领域(2024SF-YBXM-283)
西安市创新能力支撑计划——医学研究项目(23YXYJ0047)。
关键词
狂犬病
暴露
流行病学特征
狂犬病疫苗
抗体检测
影响因素
分析
Rabies
Exposure
Epidemiological feature
Rabiesvaccine
Antibodydetection
Influencingfactor
Analysis
