摘要
狂犬病暴露前预防又称狂犬病暴露前免疫预防,是指在发生狂犬病暴露前,对有感染狂犬病风险的个体进行预防性的狂犬病疫苗接种,是狂犬病预防的重要策略之一。狂犬病暴露前预防通过预先建立免疫屏障以及加强疫苗接种后的记忆免疫反应,可减少个体罹患狂犬病的风险,并降低暴露后处置的花费。针对目前我国临床医师对狂犬病暴露前预防认识相对不足的现状,中华预防医学会狂犬病预防控制工作委员会、中国医学救援协会动物伤害救治分会组织国内相关领域专家,遵循临床指南编撰国际标准,收集狂犬病暴露前预防的最新证据,参考国内外相关规范、指南和共识,结合专家临床经验等,撰写本共识。本共识对狂犬病暴露前预防的概念和意义、免疫程序等分别进行了阐述,并对狂犬病暴露前预防策略提出了推荐意见,以期提高临床医师对暴露前预防的认识,提高我国狂犬病病毒高暴露风险人群的暴露前预防普及率。
Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis,also known as immunoprophylaxis before exposure to rabies,refers to preventive rabies vaccination for individuals at risk of rabies infection before rabies exposure,which is one of the important strategies for rabies prevention.Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis can reduce the risk of individual rabies and reduce the cost of post-exposure prophylaxis by establishing an immunologic barrier in advance and the memory immune response after the booster.In view of the current situation that clinicians in China have relatively insufficient knowledge of pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis,the Rabies Prevention and Control Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and Animal Injury Treatment Branch of China Association for Disaster and Emergency Rescue Medicine organized domestic experts in relevant fields to write this expert consensus in accordance with the latest guidelines,expert consensus,and the latest clinical evidence.This consensus describes the concept and significance of pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis,immunization procedures and cost-effectiveness respectively,and puts forward recommendations on pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis strategies.It is hoped that this consensus can improve clinicians′understanding of pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis and increase the rate of pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis among people at high risk of exposure in China.
作者
中华预防医学会狂犬病预防控制工作委员会
中国医学救援协会动物伤害救治分会
王传林
殷文武
Rabies Prevention and Control Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association;Animal Injury Treatment Branch of China Association for Disaster and Emergency Rescue Medicine;Wang Chuanlin;Yin Wenwu(不详;Emergency surgery of Peking University People′s Hospital,Beijing 100044,China;Division of Infectious Disease Management,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)
出处
《中华医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第39期3103-3111,共9页
National Medical Journal of China
关键词
狂犬病
暴露前预防
专家共识
Rabies
Pre-exposure prophylaxis
Expert consensus
